/* ******************************************* * Stemmer for Yiddish language in YIVO script * * Author: Assaf Urieli * Emails: assaf.urieli at gmail.com ********************************************* */ routines ( prelude mark_regions R1 R1plus3 standard_suffix ) externals ( stem ) integers ( p1 x ) groupings ( vowel niked alefBeys consonant ) stringescapes {} // AlefBeys stringdef Alef '{U+05D0}' stringdef Beys '{U+05D1}' stringdef Giml '{U+05D2}' stringdef Dalet '{U+05D3}' stringdef Hey '{U+05D4}' stringdef Vov '{U+05D5}' stringdef Zayen '{U+05D6}' stringdef Khes '{U+05D7}' stringdef Tes '{U+05D8}' stringdef Yud '{U+05D9}' stringdef LangerKhof '{U+05DA}' stringdef Khof '{U+05DB}' stringdef Lamed '{U+05DC}' stringdef ShlosMem '{U+05DD}' stringdef Mem '{U+05DE}' stringdef LangerNun '{U+05DF}' stringdef Nun '{U+05E0}' stringdef Samekh '{U+05E1}' stringdef Ayen '{U+05E2}' stringdef LangerFey '{U+05E3}' stringdef Fey '{U+05E4}' stringdef LangerTsadek '{U+05E5}' stringdef Tsadek '{U+05E6}' stringdef Kuf '{U+05E7}' stringdef Reysh '{U+05E8}' stringdef Shin '{U+05E9}' stringdef Sof '{U+05EA}' stringdef TsveyVovn '{U+05F0}' stringdef VovYud '{U+05F1}' stringdef TsveyYudn '{U+05F2}' // Niked stringdef Shvo '{U+05B0}' stringdef Khirik '{U+05B4}' stringdef Tseyre '{U+05B5}' stringdef Segl '{U+05B6}' stringdef ReducedSegl '{U+05B1}' stringdef Pasekh '{U+05B7}' stringdef ReducedPasekh '{U+05B2}' stringdef Komets '{U+05B8}' stringdef ReducedKomets '{U+05B3}' stringdef Rafe '{U+05BF}' stringdef SinDot '{U+05C2}' stringdef ShinDot '{U+05C1}' stringdef Khoylm '{U+05B9}' stringdef Melupm '{U+05BC}' stringdef Kubuts '{U+05BB}' // Groupings define niked '{Shvo}{Khirik}{Tseyre}{Segl}{ReducedSegl}{Pasekh}{ReducedPasekh}{Komets}{ReducedKomets}{SinDot}{ShinDot}{Khoylm}{Melupm}{Kubuts}{Rafe}' define alefBeys '{Alef}{Beys}{Giml}{Dalet}{Hey}{Vov}{Zayen}{Khes}{Tes}{Yud}{LangerKhof}{Khof}{Lamed}{ShlosMem}{Mem}{LangerNun}{Nun}{Samekh}{Ayen}{LangerFey}{Fey}{LangerTsadek}{Tsadek}{Kuf}{Reysh}{Shin}{Sof}{TsveyVovn}{VovYud}{TsveyYudn}' define vowel '{Alef}{Vov}{Yud}{Ayen}{VovYud}{TsveyYudn}' define consonant alefBeys - vowel define prelude as ( do ( repeat goto ( [substring] among ( '{Vov}{Vov}' ( not '{Melupm}' <- '{TsveyVovn}' ) '{Vov}{Yud}' ( not '{Khirik}' <- '{VovYud}' ) '{Yud}{Yud}' ( not '{Khirik}' <- '{TsveyYudn}' ) '{LangerKhof}' ( <- '{Khof}') '{ShlosMem}' ( <- '{Mem}' ) '{LangerNun}' ( <- '{Nun}' ) '{LangerFey}' ( <- '{Fey}' ) '{LangerTsadek}' ( <- '{Tsadek}' ) ) ) ) do (repeat goto ( [niked] delete )) ) define mark_regions as ( $p1 = limit ( try ( // Replace past participle ge- at start of word // Unless word starts with gelt- or gebn- or the whole word is ge ['{Giml}{Ayen}'] not ('{Lamed}{Tes}' or '{Beys}{Nun}' or atlimit) <- 'GE' ) try ( // skip verbal prefix among( // Free stressed: Adurkh-, Durkh-, Ahin-, Aher-, Avek-, Mit-, Antkegn-, Akegn-, Anider-, Arop-, Aroys-, Aroyf-, Arum-, Arayn-, Arunter-, Ariber-, Nokh-, Farbay-, Aheym-, Afir-, Faroys-, Funander-, Tsuzamen-, Tsunoyf-, Tsurik- '{Alef}{Dalet}{Vov}{Reysh}{Khof}' '{Dalet}{Vov}{Reysh}{Khof}' '{Alef}{Hey}{Yud}{Nun}' '{Alef}{Hey}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Alef}{TsveyVovn}{Ayen}{Kuf}' '{Mem}{Yud}{Tes}' '{Alef}{Nun}{Tes}{Kuf}{Ayen}{Giml}{Nun}' '{Alef}{Kuf}{Ayen}{Giml}{Nun}' '{Alef}{Nun}{Yud}{Dalet}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Alef}{Reysh}{Alef}{Fey}' '{Alef}{Reysh}{VovYud}{Samekh}' '{Alef}{Reysh}{VovYud}{Fey}' '{Alef}{Reysh}{Vov}{Mem}' '{Alef}{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Nun}' '{Alef}{Reysh}{Vov}{Nun}{Tes}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Alef}{Reysh}{Yud}{Beys}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Nun}{Alef}{Khof}' '{Fey}{Alef}{Reysh}{Beys}{TsveyYudn}' '{Alef}{Hey}{TsveyYudn}{Mem}' '{Alef}{Fey}{Yud}{Reysh}' '{Fey}{Alef}{Reysh}{VovYud}{Samekh}' '{Fey}{Vov}{Nun}{Alef}{Nun}{Dalet}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Tsadek}{Vov}{Zayen}{Alef}{Mem}{Ayen}{Nun}' '{Tsadek}{Vov}{Nun}{VovYud}{Fey}' '{Tsadek}{Vov}{Reysh}{Yud}{Kuf}' // Stressed: Oys-, Oyf-, Um-, Unter-, Iber-, Ayn-, On-, Op-, Bay-, For-, Tsu-. '{Alef}{VovYud}{Samekh}' '{Alef}{VovYud}{Fey}' '{Alef}{Vov}{Mem}' '{Alef}{Vov}{Nun}{Tes}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Alef}{Yud}{Beys}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Alef}{TsveyYudn}{Nun}' '{Alef}{Nun}' '{Alef}{Fey}' '{Beys}{TsveyYudn}' '{Fey}{Alef}{Reysh}' '{Tsadek}{Vov}' // Unstressed: Ant-, Ba-, Der-, Tse-. Far- already covered by For-. Ge- comes later. '{Alef}{Nun}{Tes}' '{Beys}{Alef}' '{Dalet}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Tsadek}{Ayen}' // If verbal prefix followed by Tsu- or Ge-, replace it ( // Don't mark the TSU- prefix inside verbs like "oys-tsugn" test (('{Tsadek}{Vov}{Giml}{Nun}' or '{Tsadek}{Vov}{Kuf}{Tes}' or '{Tsadek}{Vov}{Kuf}{Nun}') atlimit) or // Don't mark the GE- prefix inside verbs like "avek-gebn" test ('{Giml}{Ayen}{Beys}{Nun}') or ( ['{Giml}{Ayen}'] <- 'GE') or (['{Tsadek}{Vov}'] <- 'TSU') ) ) ) test(hop 3 setmark x) // We want to allow three-consonant Hebrew roots. // To this end, we skip three-consonant combinations that exist in non-Hebraic Yiddish. try ( among( '{Shin}{Fey}{Reysh}' '{Shin}{Tes}{Reysh}' '{Shin}{Tes}{Shin}' '{Dalet}{Zayen}{Shin}' ( true ) ) ) // Either 3 consonants or the first non-vowel after a vowel ( not (consonant consonant consonant setmark p1) gopast vowel goto non-vowel setmark p1 ) try($p1 < x $p1 = x) // at least 3 past the prefix ) ) backwardmode ( define R1 as $p1 <= cursor // Like R1, but also allows the cursor to be outside R1 by the width of Giml Yud Samekh define R1plus3 as $p1 <= cursor + sizeof '{Giml}{Yud}{Samekh}' define standard_suffix as ( do ( [substring] among( // Plural/adjective endings: -er, -ers, -e, -n, -s, -en, -ns, -eners, -ens, -es '{Ayen}{Reysh}{Samekh}' '{Ayen}{Nun}' '{Nun}{Samekh}' '{Ayen}{Nun}{Ayen}{Reysh}{Samekh}' '{Ayen}{Samekh}' '{Ayen}' '{Nun}' '{Samekh}' '{Ayen}{Mem}' '{Ayen}{Reysh}' ( R1 delete ) // Exception: don't delete noun endings -ie, like "agitatsie" '{Yud}{Ayen}' ( true ) // -ies => ie '{Yud}{Ayen}{Samekh}' ( R1 <- '{Yud}{Ayen}' ) // Plural/adjective endings: -enem, -ener, -ene, -ens '{Ayen}{Nun}{Ayen}' '{Ayen}{Nun}{Ayen}{Mem}' '{Ayen}{Nun}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Ayen}{Nun}{Samekh}' (R1 delete [substring] among ( // -gegangen => -gey '{Giml}{Alef}{Nun}{Giml}' (<- '{Giml}{TsveyYudn}') // -genumen => -nem '{Nun}{Vov}{Mem}' (<- '{Nun}{Ayen}{Mem}') // -gemiten => -mayd '{Mem}{Yud}{Tes}' (<- '{Mem}{TsveyYudn}{Dalet}') // -gebiten => -bayt '{Beys}{Yud}{Tes}' (<- '{Beys}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}') // -gebisen => -bays '{Beys}{Yud}{Samekh}' (<- '{Beys}{TsveyYudn}{Samekh}') // -gevizen => -vayz '{TsveyVovn}{Yud}{Zayen}' (<- '{TsveyVovn}{TsveyYudn}{Zayen}') // -getriben => -trayb '{Tes}{Reysh}{Yud}{Beys}' (<- '{Tes}{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -geliten => -layt '{Lamed}{Yud}{Tes}' (<- '{Lamed}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}') // -gekliben => -klayb '{Kuf}{Lamed}{Yud}{Beys}' (<- '{Kuf}{Lamed}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -geriben => -rayb '{Reysh}{Yud}{Beys}' (<- '{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -gerisen => -rays '{Reysh}{Yud}{Samekh}' (<- '{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Samekh}') // -geshvigen => -shvayg '{Shin}{TsveyVovn}{Yud}{Giml}' (<- '{Shin}{TsveyVovn}{TsveyYudn}{Giml}') // -geshmisen => -shmays '{Shin}{Mem}{Yud}{Samekh}' (<- '{Shin}{Mem}{TsveyYudn}{Samekh}') // -geshniten => -shnayd '{Shin}{Nun}{Yud}{Tes}' (<- '{Shin}{Nun}{TsveyYudn}{Dalet}') // -geshriben => -shrayb '{Shin}{Reysh}{Yud}{Beys}' (<- '{Shin}{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -gebunden => -bind '{Beys}{Vov}{Nun}{Dalet}' (<- '{Beys}{Yud}{Nun}{Dalet}') // -gevuntshn => -vintsh '{TsveyVovn}{Vov}{Tes}{Shin}' (<- '{TsveyVovn}{Yud}{Tes}{Shin}') // -gezungen => -zing '{Zayen}{Vov}{Nun}{Giml}' (<- '{Zayen}{Yud}{Nun}{Giml}') // -getrunken => -trink '{Tes}{Reysh}{Vov}{Nun}{Kuf}' (<- '{Tes}{Reysh}{Yud}{Nun}{Kuf}') // -getsvungen => -tsving '{Tsadek}{TsveyVovn}{Vov}{Nun}{Giml}' (<- '{Tsadek}{TsveyVovn}{Yud}{Nun}{Giml}') // -geshlungen => -shling '{Shin}{Lamed}{Vov}{Nun}{Giml}' (<- '{Shin}{Lamed}{Yud}{Nun}{Giml}') // -geboygen => -beyg '{Beys}{VovYud}{Giml}' (<- '{Beys}{TsveyYudn}{Giml}') // -gehoyben => -heyb '{Hey}{VovYud}{Beys}' (<- '{Hey}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -farloyren => -farlir '{Fey}{Alef}{Reysh}{Lamed}{VovYud}{Reysh}' (<- '{Fey}{Alef}{Reysh}{Lamed}{Yud}{Reysh}') // -shtanen => -shtey '{Shin}{Tes}{Alef}{Nun}' (<- '{Shin}{Tes}{TsveyYudn}') // -geshvoyrn => -shver '{Shin}{TsveyVovn}{VovYud}{Reysh}' (<- '{Shin}{TsveyVovn}{Ayen}{Reysh}') ) ) // Verb/past participle ending: -t '{Tes}' ( R1 delete ) // As well as noun/adjectives ending in -tn, -te, -ter, -ts so that the "-t" doesn't differentiate // Similarly for past participles: -tns, -tene, -tenem, -tener // If the Tes was before R1, we try to perform the same action while leaving the Tes in place '{Tes}{Nun}' '{Tes}{Ayen}' '{Tes}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Tes}{Samekh}' '{Tes}{Nun}{Samekh}' '{Tes}{Ayen}{Nun}{Ayen}' '{Tes}{Ayen}{Nun}{Ayen}{Mem}' '{Tes}{Ayen}{Nun}{Ayen}{Reysh}' ( ((R1 delete) or ( <- '{Tes}')) // -(ge)brakht => -breng ['{Beys}{Reysh}{Alef}{Khof}' try '{Giml}{Ayen}'] <- '{Beys}{Reysh}{Ayen}{Nun}{Giml}' ) // Past participles: -et, -etn, -ets, -ete, -eter '{Ayen}{Tes}' '{Ayen}{Tes}{Nun}' '{Ayen}{Tes}{Samekh}' '{Ayen}{Tes}{Ayen}' '{Ayen}{Tes}{Ayen}{Reysh}' ( R1 delete ) // -geyn shorted to -gey '{Giml}{TsveyYudn}{Nun}' ( <- '{Giml}{TsveyYudn}') // ##################### Long list of irregular past participles // -(ge)gangen (shortened to -gangen after prefixes) => -gey '{Giml}{Alef}{Nun}{Giml}{Ayen}{Nun}' ( <- '{Giml}{TsveyYudn}' ) // -(ge)numen (shortened to -numen after prefixes) => -nem '{Nun}{Vov}{Mem}{Ayen}{Nun}' (<- '{Nun}{Ayen}{Mem}' ) // -(ge)shribn (shortened to -shribn after prefixes) => -shrayb '{Shin}{Reysh}{Yud}{Beys}{Nun}' (<- '{Shin}{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}' ) // -gemiten => -mayd 'GE{Mem}{Yud}{Tes}{Nun}' (<- '{Mem}{TsveyYudn}{Dalet}') // -gebiten => -bayt 'GE{Beys}{Yud}{Tes}{Nun}' (<- '{Beys}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}') // -gebisen => -bays 'GE{Beys}{Yud}{Samekh}{Nun}' ( <- '{Beys}{TsveyYudn}{Samekh}') // -gevizen => -vayz '{TsveyVovn}{Yud}{Zayen}{Nun}' ( <- '{TsveyVovn}{TsveyYudn}{Zayen}') // -getriben => -trayb '{Tes}{Reysh}{Yud}{Beys}{Nun}' ( <- '{Tes}{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -geliten => -layt 'GE{Lamed}{Yud}{Tes}{Nun}' ( <- '{Lamed}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}') // -gekliben => -klayb '{Kuf}{Lamed}{Yud}{Beys}{Nun}' ( <- '{Kuf}{Lamed}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -geriben => -rayb '{Reysh}{Yud}{Beys}{Nun}' ( <- '{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -gerisen => -rays 'GE{Reysh}{Yud}{Samekh}{Nun}' ( <- '{Reysh}{TsveyYudn}{Samekh}') // -geshvigen => -shvayg '{Shin}{TsveyVovn}{Yud}{Giml}{Nun}' ( <- '{Shin}{TsveyVovn}{TsveyYudn}{Giml}') // -geshmisen => -shmays '{Shin}{Mem}{Yud}{Samekh}{Nun}' ( <- '{Shin}{Mem}{TsveyYudn}{Samekh}') // -geshniten => -shnayd '{Shin}{Nun}{Yud}{Tes}{Nun}' ( <- '{Shin}{Nun}{TsveyYudn}{Dalet}') // -gebunden => -bind '{Beys}{Vov}{Nun}{Dalet}{Nun}' ( <- '{Beys}{Yud}{Nun}{Dalet}') // -gevuntshn => -vintsh '{TsveyVovn}{Vov}{Tes}{Shin}{Nun}' ( <- '{TsveyVovn}{Yud}{Tes}{Shin}') // -gezungen => -zing '{Zayen}{Vov}{Nun}{Giml}{Nun}' ( <- '{Zayen}{Yud}{Nun}{Giml}') // -getrunken => -trink '{Tes}{Reysh}{Vov}{Nun}{Kuf}{Nun}' ( <- '{Tes}{Reysh}{Yud}{Nun}{Kuf}') // -getsvungen => -tsving '{Tsadek}{TsveyVovn}{Vov}{Nun}{Giml}{Nun}' ( <- '{Tsadek}{TsveyVovn}{Yud}{Nun}{Giml}') // -geshlungen => -shling '{Shin}{Lamed}{Vov}{Nun}{Giml}{Nun}' ( <- '{Shin}{Lamed}{Yud}{Nun}{Giml}') // -geboygen => -beyg '{Beys}{VovYud}{Giml}{Nun}' ( <- '{Beys}{TsveyYudn}{Giml}') // -gehoyben => -heyb '{Hey}{VovYud}{Beys}{Nun}' ( <- '{Hey}{TsveyYudn}{Beys}') // -farloyren => -farlir '{Fey}{Alef}{Reysh}{Lamed}{VovYud}{Reysh}{Nun}' ( <- '{Fey}{Alef}{Reysh}{Lamed}{Yud}{Reysh}') // -shtanen => -shtey '{Shin}{Tes}{Alef}{Nun}{Ayen}{Nun}' ( <- '{Shin}{Tes}{TsveyYudn}') // -geshvoyrn => -shver '{Shin}{TsveyVovn}{VovYud}{Reysh}{Nun}' ( <- '{Shin}{TsveyVovn}{Ayen}{Reysh}') // -(ge)brakht (shortened to -brakht after prefixes) => -breng '{Beys}{Reysh}{Alef}{Khof}{Tes}' (<- '{Beys}{Reysh}{Ayen}{Nun}{Giml}' ) // ###### End of irregular past participles // Noun endings: -ung, -hayt, -kayt, -ikayt, -shaft '{Vov}{Nun}{Giml}' '{Hey}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}' '{Kuf}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}' '{Yud}{Kuf}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}' '{Shin}{Alef}{Fey}{Tes}' ( R1 delete ) // Noun endings: -izm, izmen '{Yud}{Zayen}{Mem}' '{Yud}{Zayen}{Mem}{Ayen}{Nun}' ( R1 delete ) // Plural ending: -im '{Yud}{Mem}' ( R1 delete ) // Plural ending: -os (Hebraic), replace with -h '{Vov}{Sof}' ( R1 <- '{Hey}' ) // Diminutive endings: -elekh, -ele, -lekh, -eles, -elen '{Ayen}{Lamed}{Ayen}{Khof}' '{Ayen}{Lamed}{Ayen}' '{Lamed}{Ayen}{Khof}' '{Ayen}{Lamed}{Ayen}{Samekh}' '{Ayen}{Lamed}{Ayen}{Nun}' ( R1 delete ) // Noun ending: -ist '{Yud}{Samekh}{Tes}' ( // Exceptions: -gist, -shist ( ('{Giml}' or '{Shin}') try (R1plus3 <- '{Yud}{Samekh}') ) or ( R1 delete ) ) // Noun ending: -istn '{Yud}{Samekh}{Tes}{Nun}' ( R1 delete ) // Verb ending: -stu '{Samekh}{Tes}{Vov}' ( R1 delete ) // Superlative ending: -ster, -ste, -stn '{Samekh}{Tes}{Ayen}{Reysh}' '{Samekh}{Tes}{Ayen}' '{Samekh}{Tes}{Nun}' ( R1 delete ) // Ambiguous verb ending: -st '{Samekh}{Tes}' ( R1 delete ) ) ) do ( [substring] among( // Noun endings: -ung, -hayt, -kayt, -ikayt, -shaft '{Vov}{Nun}{Giml}' '{Hey}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}' '{Kuf}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}' '{Yud}{Kuf}{TsveyYudn}{Tes}' '{Shin}{Alef}{Fey}{Tes}' ( R1 delete ) // Diminutive endings: -l '{Lamed}' ( R1 consonant delete ) ) ) do ( [substring] among( // Adjective endings: -ig, -ik, -ish, -nik, -dik '{Yud}{Giml}' '{Yud}{Kuf}' '{Yud}{Shin}' '{Nun}{Yud}{Kuf}' '{Dalet}{Yud}{Kuf}' ( R1 delete ) // Exceptions to above: -blik, -glik '{Beys}{Lamed}{Yud}{Kuf}' '{Giml}{Lamed}{Yud}{Kuf}' ( true ) // Present participle endings: -ndik '{Nun}{Dalet}{Yud}{Kuf}' ( R1 delete ) // Present participle ending -endik: delete if after a -ng, -nk, -n, -m, consonant+l, or vowel. // Otherwise, delete just the -ndik part. '{Ayen}{Nun}{Dalet}{Yud}{Kuf}' ( R1 delete ) ) ) do (repeat goto ( ['GE' or 'TSU'] delete )) ) ) define stem as ( do prelude do mark_regions backwards do standard_suffix )