defmodule Tesla.Middleware.Curl do
  @moduledoc """
  A middleware for the Tesla HTTP client that logs requests expressed in Curl.

  Parses Tesla.Env structs into a curl command and logs it. This is useful for debugging
  requests and responses.

  ### Examples

  ```
  defmodule MyClient do
    def middleware do
      [
        {Tesla.Middleware.Curl, follow_redirects: true, redact_fields: ["api_token", "authorization"]},
        Tesla.Middleware.JSON
      ]
    end

    def client do
      Tesla.client(middleware())
    end

    def get_user(id) do
      Tesla.get(client(), "/users/\#{id}")
    end
  end
  ```

  ### Options

  - `:follow_redirects` - boolean, will add the `-L` flag to the curl command
  - `:redact_fields` - a list of keys or regex capture groups to redact from the request body
  - `:compressed` - boolean, will add the `--compressed` flag to the curl command
  - `:logger_level` - the level at which to log the curl command, as an atom. Must be one of -
      `:emergency`, `:alert`, `:critical`, `:error`, `:warning`, `:notice`, `:info`, `:debug`
  """

  require Logger

  @behaviour Tesla.Middleware

  @type method :: :head | :get | :delete | :trace | :options | :post | :put | :patch

  @doc """
  Serves as the main entrypoint to the middleware. Handles this middleware and calls
  the next piece of middleware in the chain.
  """
  @spec call(Tesla.Env.t(), Tesla.Env.stack(), keyword() | nil) :: Tesla.Env.result()
  def call(env, next, opts \\ []) do
    log(env, opts)
    Tesla.run(env, next)
  end

  @doc """
  Calls the function to construct the curl command and logs it. If an error occurs,
  it will be logged, and the request will continue as normal. This can be used as
  a standalone function if you want to log a curl command without using the middleware.
  """
  @spec log(Tesla.Env.t(), keyword() | nil) :: :ok
  def log(env, opts) do
    try do
      construct_curl(env, opts)
      |> do_log(opts)
    rescue
      e ->
        Logger.error(Exception.format(:error, e, __STACKTRACE__))
    end
  end

  # Logs request as :info, or as the level specified in the opts
  # Must be one of -
  # :emergency, :alert, :critical, :error, :warning, :notice, :info, :debug
  @spec do_log(String.t(), keyword() | nil) :: :ok
  defp do_log(curl_request, nil), do: Logger.info(curl_request)

  defp do_log(curl_request, opts) do
    with {:ok, logger_level} <- Keyword.fetch(opts, :logger_level) do
      Logger.log(logger_level, curl_request)
    else
      _ ->
        Logger.info(curl_request)
    end
  end

  defp construct_curl(%Tesla.Env{body: %Tesla.Multipart{}} = env, opts) do
    headers = parse_headers(env.headers, opts)
    query_params = format_query_params(env.query)
    parsed_parts = parse_parts_lazy(env.body.parts)
    compressed = compressed_flag(opts)

    "curl -X POST #{compressed}#{headers}#{parsed_parts} '#{env.url}#{query_params}'"
  end

  # Handle requests with an Env that has a binary body, but may have query params
  defp construct_curl(%Tesla.Env{} = env, opts) when is_binary(env.body) do
    flag_type = set_flag_type(env.headers)
    headers = parse_headers(env.headers, opts)
    location = location_flag(opts)
    method = translate_method(env.method)
    compressed = compressed_flag(opts)
    body = env.body

    sanitized_body =
      with {:ok, redact_fields} <- Keyword.fetch(opts, :redact_fields) do
        Enum.reduce(redact_fields, body, fn field, acc ->
          filter_string_body(field, acc)
        end)
      else
        _ -> body
      end

    query_params = format_query_params(env.query)

    "curl #{location}#{method}#{compressed}#{headers}#{flag_type} '#{sanitized_body}' '#{env.url}#{query_params}'"
  end

  # Handle requests with an Env that has query params.
  defp construct_curl(%Tesla.Env{} = env, opts) do
    flag_type = set_flag_type(env.headers)
    location = location_flag(opts)
    headers = parse_headers(env.headers, opts)
    compressed = compressed_flag(opts)
    body = parse_body(env.body, flag_type, opts)
    method = translate_method(env.method)

    query_params =
      sanitize_query_params(env.query, opts)
      |> format_query_params()

    "curl #{location}#{method}#{compressed}#{headers}#{body}'#{env.url}#{query_params}'"
  end

  # Parses the body parts of multipart requests into Curl format.
  @spec parse_part(%Tesla.Multipart.Part{}) :: String.t()
  defp parse_part(%Tesla.Multipart.Part{
         dispositions: [{_, field} | _],
         body: %File.Stream{path: path}
       }) do
    "--form '#{field}=@#{path}'"
  end

  defp parse_part(%Tesla.Multipart.Part{dispositions: [{_, field} | _]} = part) do
    "--form '#{field}=#{part.body}'"
  end

  # Top-level function to parse headers
  @spec parse_headers(list(), keyword() | nil) :: String.t()
  defp parse_headers(nil, _opts), do: ""
  defp parse_headers([], _opts), do: ""

  defp parse_headers(headers, opts) do
    Enum.map(headers, fn {k, v} ->
      construct_header(k, maybe_redact_field(k, v, opts))
    end)
    |> Enum.join(" ")
    |> Kernel.<>(" ")
  end

  # Returns either an empty string or a query string to append to the URL
  @spec format_query_params(keyword() | nil) :: String.t()
  defp format_query_params([]), do: nil

  defp format_query_params(params) when params == %{}, do: nil

  defp format_query_params(query) do
    "?" <> URI.encode_query(Enum.into(query, %{}), :rfc3986)
  end

  # Lazy parses the parts of a multipart request
  @spec parse_parts_lazy(list()) :: String.t()
  defp parse_parts_lazy(parts) do
    parts
    |> Stream.map(&parse_part/1)
    |> Enum.join(" ")
  end

  # Redacts query parameters from the curl command
  @spec sanitize_query_params(keyword() | map(), keyword() | nil) :: keyword()
  defp sanitize_query_params(query_params, nil), do: query_params

  defp sanitize_query_params(query_params, opts) when is_map(query_params) do
    with {:ok, redact_fields} <- Keyword.fetch(opts, :redact_fields) do
      Enum.reduce(redact_fields, query_params, fn field, acc ->
        query_param_redact_for_map(field, acc)
      end)
    else
      _ -> query_params
    end
  end

  defp sanitize_query_params(query_params, opts) when is_list(query_params) do
    with {:ok, redact_fields} <- Keyword.fetch(opts, :redact_fields) do
      Enum.reduce(redact_fields, query_params, fn field, acc ->
        query_param_redact_for_list(field, acc)
      end)
    else
      _ -> query_params
    end
  end

  # Tesla's spec is a little loose for query params, they can be either a list or map.
  # Handles field redaction for query params in a map, for atoms, strings, or Regex values in redact_fields
  @spec query_param_redact_for_map(atom() | binary() | Regex.t(), map()) :: list()
  defp query_param_redact_for_map(field, query_params) when is_atom(field) do
    case Map.has_key?(query_params, field) do
      true -> Map.put(query_params, field, "REDACTED")
      false -> query_params
    end
  end

  defp query_param_redact_for_map(field, query_params) when is_binary(field) do
    field_as_atom = String.to_atom(field)

    case Map.has_key?(query_params, field_as_atom) do
      true -> Map.put(query_params, field_as_atom, "REDACTED")
      false -> query_params
    end
  end

  defp query_param_redact_for_map(%Regex{}, %{}), do: %{}

  defp query_param_redact_for_map(%Regex{} = field, query_params) do
    Enum.map(query_params, fn {k, _v} ->
      f = standardize_fields_for_redaction(k)

      case Regex.match?(field, f) do
        true -> Map.put(query_params, k, "REDACTED")
        false -> query_params
      end
    end)
    |> List.first()
  end

  # Tesla's spec is a little loose for query params, they can be either a list or map.
  # Handles field redaction for query params in a list, for atoms, strings, or Regex values in redact_fields
  @spec query_param_redact_for_list(atom() | binary() | Regex.t(), list()) :: list()
  defp query_param_redact_for_list(%Regex{} = field, query_params) do
    Enum.map(query_params, fn {k, v} ->
      f = standardize_fields_for_redaction(k)

      case Regex.match?(field, f) do
        true -> {k, "REDACTED"}
        false -> {k, v}
      end
    end)
  end

  defp query_param_redact_for_list(field, query_params) when is_atom(field) do
    case Keyword.has_key?(query_params, field) do
      true -> Keyword.replace(query_params, field, "REDACTED")
      false -> query_params
    end
  end

  defp query_param_redact_for_list(field, query_params) when is_binary(field) do
    field_as_atom = String.to_atom(field)

    case Keyword.has_key?(query_params, field_as_atom) do
      true -> Keyword.replace(query_params, field_as_atom, "REDACTED")
      false -> query_params
    end
  end

  # Filters items from a string request body, as defined in a capture regex
  @spec filter_string_body(Regex.t() | String.t(), String.t()) :: String.t()
  defp filter_string_body(%Regex{} = regex, body) do
    match_set = Regex.scan(regex, body)
    captures = Enum.map(match_set, fn match -> match |> List.last() end)

    Enum.reduce(captures, body, fn match, acc ->
      String.replace(acc, match, "REDACTED", global: true)
    end)
  end

  defp filter_string_body(_field, body), do: body

  # Constructs the header string
  @spec construct_header(String.t(), String.t()) :: String.t()
  defp construct_header(key, value), do: "--header '#{key}: #{value}'"

  # Top-level function to parse body
  @spec parse_body(list() | nil, String.t(), keyword() | nil) :: String.t()
  defp parse_body(nil, _flag_type, _opts), do: ""
  defp parse_body([], _flag_type, _opts), do: ""

  defp parse_body(body, flag_type, opts) do
    Enum.flat_map(body, fn {k, v} ->
      translate_parameters(flag_type, k, v, opts)
    end)
    |> Enum.join(" ")
    |> Kernel.<>(" ")
  end

  # Recursively handles any nested maps or lists, returns a list of the translated parameters
  @spec translate_parameters(String.t(), String.t(), any(), keyword() | nil) :: [String.t()]
  defp translate_parameters(flag_type, key, value, opts) when is_map(value) do
    value
    |> Map.to_list()
    |> Enum.flat_map(fn {k, v} ->
      translate_parameters(flag_type, "#{key}[#{k}]", v, opts)
    end)
  end

  defp translate_parameters(flag_type, key, value, opts) when is_tuple(value) do
    value
    |> Enum.flat_map(fn {k, v} ->
      translate_parameters(flag_type, "#{key}[#{k}]", v, opts)
    end)
  end

  defp translate_parameters(flag_type, key, value, opts) when is_list(value) do
    value
    |> Enum.with_index()
    |> Enum.flat_map(fn {v, i} ->
      translate_parameters(flag_type, "#{key}[#{i}]", v, opts)
    end)
  end

  defp translate_parameters(flag_type, key, value, opts) do
    safe_value = maybe_redact_field(key, value, opts)
    [construct_parameter(flag_type, key, safe_value)]
  end

  # Redacts the value if the key matches any of the redact_fields, if supplied
  @spec maybe_redact_field(String.t(), any(), keyword() | nil) :: any()
  defp maybe_redact_field(_key, value, nil), do: value

  defp maybe_redact_field(key, value, opts) do
    with {:ok, redact_fields} <- Keyword.fetch(opts, :redact_fields) do
      needs_redaction =
        Enum.any?(redact_fields, fn field ->
          needs_redact?(field, key)
        end)

      case needs_redaction do
        true -> "REDACTED"
        false -> value
      end
    else
      _ -> value
    end
  end

  @spec needs_redact?(String.t() | Regex.t(), String.t()) :: boolean()
  defp needs_redact?(%Regex{} = regex, match_string) when is_binary(match_string),
    do: Regex.match?(regex, match_string)

  defp needs_redact?(%Regex{} = regex, match_string) when is_atom(match_string),
    do: Regex.match?(regex, to_string(match_string))

  defp needs_redact?(field, key) do
    standard_field = standardize_fields_for_redaction(field)
    standard_key = standardize_fields_for_redaction(key)

    standard_field == standard_key ||
      String.contains?(
        standard_key,
        "[#{standard_field}]"
      )
  end

  # Standardizes the field for redaction comparison, converts to string and downcases
  @spec standardize_fields_for_redaction(String.t() | atom()) :: String.t()
  defp standardize_fields_for_redaction(field) when is_atom(field) do
    to_string(field)
    |> String.downcase()
  end

  defp standardize_fields_for_redaction(field) when is_binary(field) do
    field
    |> String.downcase()
  end

  # Constructs the body string
  @spec construct_parameter(String.t(), String.t(), String.t()) :: String.t()
  defp construct_parameter("--data-urlencode" = flag_type, key, value),
    do: "#{flag_type} '#{key}=#{URI.encode(value)}'"

  defp construct_parameter(flag_type, key, value), do: "#{flag_type} '#{key}=#{value}'"

  # Determines the flag type based on the content type header
  @spec set_flag_type(list() | nil) :: String.t()
  defp set_flag_type(nil), do: "--data"

  defp set_flag_type(headers) do
    content_type = Enum.find(headers, fn {key, _val} -> key == "Content-Type" end)

    case content_type do
      {"Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"} -> "--data-urlencode"
      {"Content-Type", "multipart/form-data"} -> "--form"
      _ -> "--data"
    end
  end

  # Converts method atom into a string and assigns proper flag prefixes
  @spec translate_method(method()) :: String.t()
  defp translate_method(:get), do: ""
  defp translate_method(:head), do: "-I "

  defp translate_method(method) do
    translated =
      method
      |> Atom.to_string()
      |> String.upcase()

    "-X #{translated} "
  end

  # Sets the location flag based on the follow_redirects option
  @spec location_flag(keyword() | nil) :: String.t()
  defp location_flag(nil), do: ""

  defp location_flag(opts) do
    with {:ok, follow_redirects} <- Keyword.fetch(opts, :follow_redirects) do
      (follow_redirects == true) |> set_location_flag()
    else
      _ -> ""
    end
  end

  # Sets the compressed flag based on the compressed option
  @spec compressed_flag(keyword() | nil) :: String.t()
  defp compressed_flag(nil), do: ""

  defp compressed_flag(opts) do
    case Keyword.fetch(opts, :compressed) do
      {:ok, true} -> "--compressed "
      _ -> ""
    end
  end

  # Returns a location flag based on boolean input
  @spec set_location_flag(boolean()) :: String.t()
  defp set_location_flag(true), do: "-L "
  defp set_location_flag(_), do: ""
end