defmodule OeditusCredo.Check.Security.InsecureDirectObjectReference do
  @moduledoc """
  Checks for direct object access patterns that may permit IDOR.

  MITRE reference: [CWE-639](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html) --
  Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key.
  """

  use Credo.Check,
    base_priority: :high,
    category: :warning,
    explanations: [
      check: """
      Detects potential Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerabilities ([CWE-639](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html)).

      Fetching resources by user-provided IDs without ownership or authorization
      checks can allow users to access other users' data.

      Bad:

          post = Repo.get!(Post, params["id"])

      Good:

          post = Repo.get!(Post, params["id"])
          authorize!(current_user, :read, post)
      """,
      params: [
        exclude_test_files: "Set to true to skip test files (default: false)",
        extra_ownership_indicators:
          "Additional ownership/authorization indicator substrings (default: [])"
      ]
    ]

  @repo_fetch_calls ~w[get get! get_by get_by!]
  @default_ownership_indicators ~w[current_user user_id owner_id authorize authorize! policy]

  @doc false
  @impl true
  def run(%SourceFile{} = source_file, params) do
    issue_meta = IssueMeta.for(source_file, params)

    if Params.get(params, :exclude_test_files, __MODULE__) and
         test_file?(source_file.filename) do
      []
    else
      extra = Params.get(params, :extra_ownership_indicators, __MODULE__)
      indicators = @default_ownership_indicators ++ extra

      source_file
      |> Credo.Code.prewalk(&traverse(&1, &2, {issue_meta, indicators}))
    end
  end

  @doc false
  @impl true
  def param_defaults, do: [exclude_test_files: false, extra_ownership_indicators: []]

  defp traverse(
         {:def, meta, [{_func_name, _, _args}, [do: body]]} = ast,
         issues,
         {issue_meta, indicators}
       ) do
    statements = block_to_statements(body)

    if has_idor_pattern?(statements) and not has_ownership_check?(statements, indicators) do
      {ast,
       [
         issue_for(
           issue_meta,
           meta[:line],
           "Repo.get/get! with params-sourced id found without ownership/authorization check"
         )
         | issues
       ]}
    else
      {ast, issues}
    end
  end

  defp traverse(ast, issues, _ctx), do: {ast, issues}

  defp block_to_statements({:__block__, _, statements}) when is_list(statements), do: statements
  defp block_to_statements(statement), do: [statement]

  defp has_idor_pattern?(statements), do: Enum.any?(statements, &contains_idor_fetch?/1)

  defp contains_idor_fetch?({{:., _, [{:__aliases__, _, [:Repo]}, fetch]}, _, args})
       when is_atom(fetch) and is_list(args) do
    Atom.to_string(fetch) in @repo_fetch_calls and Enum.any?(args, &params_id_access?/1)
  end

  defp contains_idor_fetch?({_, _, args}) when is_list(args) do
    Enum.any?(args, &contains_idor_fetch?/1)
  end

  defp contains_idor_fetch?(_), do: false

  defp params_id_access?({{:., _, [Access, :get]}, _, [{:params, _, _}, key]}), do: id_key?(key)

  defp params_id_access?(
         {{:., _, [Access, :get]}, _, [{{:., _, [{:conn, _, _}, :params]}, _, _}, key]}
       ),
       do: id_key?(key)

  defp params_id_access?({:params, _, _}), do: true
  defp params_id_access?({:id, _, _}), do: true
  defp params_id_access?(_), do: false

  defp id_key?({:id, _, _}), do: true
  defp id_key?(:id), do: true
  defp id_key?("id"), do: true
  defp id_key?(_), do: false

  defp has_ownership_check?(statements, indicators) do
    Enum.any?(statements, &contains_ownership_indicator?(&1, indicators))
  end

  defp contains_ownership_indicator?(
         {{:., _, [{:__aliases__, _, parts}, name]}, _, _args},
         indicators
       )
       when is_list(parts) and is_atom(name) do
    ownership_name?(Enum.join(parts, ".") <> "." <> Atom.to_string(name), indicators)
  end

  defp contains_ownership_indicator?({:., _, [_left, right_name]}, indicators)
       when is_atom(right_name) do
    ownership_name?(Atom.to_string(right_name), indicators)
  end

  defp contains_ownership_indicator?({name, _, _args}, indicators) when is_atom(name) do
    ownership_name?(Atom.to_string(name), indicators)
  end

  defp contains_ownership_indicator?({_, _, args}, indicators) when is_list(args) do
    Enum.any?(args, &contains_ownership_indicator?(&1, indicators))
  end

  defp contains_ownership_indicator?(_, _indicators), do: false

  defp ownership_name?(name, indicators) do
    down = String.downcase(name)
    Enum.any?(indicators, &String.contains?(down, &1))
  end

  defp test_file?(filename) do
    String.ends_with?(filename, "_test.exs") or String.contains?(filename, "/test/")
  end

  defp issue_for(issue_meta, line_no, detail) do
    format_issue(
      issue_meta,
      message: "Potential IDOR vulnerability (CWE-639): #{detail}.",
      trigger: "Repo.get",
      line_no: line_no
    )
  end
end