#include <erl_nif.h>
#include <mlx/mlx.h>
#include <mlx/ops.h>
#include <mlx/array.h>
#include <mlx/random.h>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>

using namespace mlx::core;
namespace mx = mlx::core;
namespace rnd = mlx::core::random;

// Resource types for random operations
static ErlNifResourceType* ARRAY_RESOURCE_TYPE;

struct ArrayResource {
    array arr;
    std::string name;
    ArrayResource(const array& a, const std::string& n = "") : arr(a), name(n) {}
};

// Helper functions
static ERL_NIF_TERM make_atom(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* name) {
    ERL_NIF_TERM ret;
    if (enif_make_existing_atom(env, name, &ret, ERL_NIF_LATIN1)) {
        return ret;
    }
    return enif_make_atom(env, name);
}

static ERL_NIF_TERM make_error(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* reason) {
    return enif_make_tuple2(env, make_atom(env, "error"), make_atom(env, reason));
}

static ERL_NIF_TERM make_ok(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term) {
    return enif_make_tuple2(env, make_atom(env, "ok"), term);
}

// Parse shape from Erlang list
static std::vector<int> parse_shape(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM shape_term) {
    unsigned int shape_len;
    if (!enif_get_list_length(env, shape_term, &shape_len)) {
        return {};
    }

    std::vector<int> shape_vec(shape_len);
    ERL_NIF_TERM head, tail = shape_term;
    
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < shape_len; i++) {
        if (!enif_get_list_cell(env, tail, &head, &tail)) {
            return {};
        }
        if (!enif_get_int(env, head, &shape_vec[i])) {
            return {};
        }
    }
    return shape_vec;
}

// Parse dtype from string
static Dtype parse_dtype(const char* dtype_str) {
    if (strcmp(dtype_str, "float32") == 0) return float32;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "float16") == 0) return float16;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "bfloat16") == 0) return bfloat16;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "float64") == 0) return float64;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "int32") == 0) return int32;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "int16") == 0) return int16;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "int8") == 0) return int8;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "int64") == 0) return int64;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "uint32") == 0) return uint32;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "uint16") == 0) return uint16;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "uint8") == 0) return uint8;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "uint64") == 0) return uint64;
    else if (strcmp(dtype_str, "bool") == 0) return bool_;
    else return float32;
}

// Create array resource
static ERL_NIF_TERM make_array_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, const array& arr, const std::string& name = "") {
    ArrayResource* res = (ArrayResource*)enif_alloc_resource(ARRAY_RESOURCE_TYPE, sizeof(ArrayResource));
    new(res) ArrayResource(arr, name);
    
    ERL_NIF_TERM term = enif_make_resource(env, res);
    enif_release_resource(res);
    
    return make_ok(env, term);
}

// Get array from resource
static bool get_array_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, array& arr) {
    ArrayResource* res;
    if (!enif_get_resource(env, term, ARRAY_RESOURCE_TYPE, (void**)&res)) {
        return false;
    }
    arr = res->arr;
    return true;
}

// ==================== RANDOM SEED MANAGEMENT ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_seed(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 1) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    unsigned long seed;
    if (!enif_get_ulong(env, argv[0], &seed)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        rnd::seed(static_cast<uint64_t>(seed));
        return make_atom(env, "ok");
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_seed_error");
    }
}

// ==================== UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_uniform(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 4) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    double low, high;
    if (!enif_get_double(env, argv[0], &low) ||
        !enif_get_double(env, argv[1], &high)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[2]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    char dtype_str[32];
    if (!enif_get_atom(env, argv[3], dtype_str, sizeof(dtype_str), ERL_NIF_LATIN1)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        Dtype dtype = parse_dtype(dtype_str);
        array result = rnd::uniform(low, high, shape, dtype);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_uniform_error");
    }
}

// ==================== NORMAL DISTRIBUTION ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_normal(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 4) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    double mean, std;
    if (!enif_get_double(env, argv[0], &mean) ||
        !enif_get_double(env, argv[1], &std)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[2]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    char dtype_str[32];
    if (!enif_get_atom(env, argv[3], dtype_str, sizeof(dtype_str), ERL_NIF_LATIN1)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        Dtype dtype = parse_dtype(dtype_str);
        array result = rnd::normal(mean, std, shape, dtype);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_normal_error");
    }
}

// ==================== BERNOULLI DISTRIBUTION ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_bernoulli(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 2) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    double p;
    if (!enif_get_double(env, argv[0], &p)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[1]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    try {
        array result = rnd::bernoulli(p, shape);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_bernoulli_error");
    }
}

// ==================== CATEGORICAL DISTRIBUTION ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_categorical(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 3) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    array logits;
    if (!get_array_resource(env, argv[0], logits)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    int axis, num_samples;
    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[1], &axis) ||
        !enif_get_int(env, argv[2], &num_samples)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        array result = rnd::categorical(logits, axis, num_samples);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_categorical_error");
    }
}

// ==================== GUMBEL DISTRIBUTION ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_gumbel(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 2) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[0]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    char dtype_str[32];
    if (!enif_get_atom(env, argv[1], dtype_str, sizeof(dtype_str), ERL_NIF_LATIN1)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        Dtype dtype = parse_dtype(dtype_str);
        array result = rnd::gumbel(shape, dtype);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_gumbel_error");
    }
}

// ==================== LAPLACE DISTRIBUTION ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_laplace(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 4) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    double loc, scale;
    if (!enif_get_double(env, argv[0], &loc) ||
        !enif_get_double(env, argv[1], &scale)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[2]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    char dtype_str[32];
    if (!enif_get_atom(env, argv[3], dtype_str, sizeof(dtype_str), ERL_NIF_LATIN1)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        Dtype dtype = parse_dtype(dtype_str);
        array result = rnd::laplace(loc, scale, shape, dtype);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_laplace_error");
    }
}

// ==================== RANDINT ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_randint(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 4) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    int low, high;
    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[0], &low) ||
        !enif_get_int(env, argv[1], &high)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[2]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    char dtype_str[32];
    if (!enif_get_atom(env, argv[3], dtype_str, sizeof(dtype_str), ERL_NIF_LATIN1)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        Dtype dtype = parse_dtype(dtype_str);
        array result = rnd::randint(low, high, shape, dtype);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_randint_error");
    }
}

// ==================== SAMPLING OPERATIONS ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_choice(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 4) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    array a;
    if (!get_array_resource(env, argv[0], a)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    int size;
    int replace, axis;
    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[1], &size) ||
        !enif_get_int(env, argv[2], &replace) ||
        !enif_get_int(env, argv[3], &axis)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        array result = rnd::choice(a, size, replace != 0, axis);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_choice_error");
    }
}

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_permutation(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 2) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    array x;
    if (!get_array_resource(env, argv[0], x)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    int axis;
    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[1], &axis)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        array result = rnd::permutation(x, axis);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_permutation_error");
    }
}

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_shuffle(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 2) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    array x;
    if (!get_array_resource(env, argv[0], x)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    int axis;
    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[1], &axis)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        // In-place shuffle
        array result = rnd::permutation(x, axis);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_shuffle_error");
    }
}

// ==================== ADVANCED SAMPLING ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_multivariate_normal(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 3) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    array mean, cov;
    if (!get_array_resource(env, argv[0], mean) ||
        !get_array_resource(env, argv[1], cov)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[2]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    try {
        array result = rnd::multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_multivariate_normal_error");
    }
}

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_truncated_normal(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 6) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    double lower, upper, mean, std;
    if (!enif_get_double(env, argv[0], &lower) ||
        !enif_get_double(env, argv[1], &upper) ||
        !enif_get_double(env, argv[2], &mean) ||
        !enif_get_double(env, argv[3], &std)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[4]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    char dtype_str[32];
    if (!enif_get_atom(env, argv[5], dtype_str, sizeof(dtype_str), ERL_NIF_LATIN1)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        Dtype dtype = parse_dtype(dtype_str);
        array result = rnd::truncated_normal(lower, upper, mean, std, shape, dtype);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_truncated_normal_error");
    }
}

// ==================== RANDOM KEY MANAGEMENT ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_key(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 1) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    unsigned long seed;
    if (!enif_get_ulong(env, argv[0], &seed)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        array key = rnd::key(static_cast<uint64_t>(seed));
        return make_array_resource(env, key);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_key_error");
    }
}

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_split(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 2) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    array key;
    if (!get_array_resource(env, argv[0], key)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    int num_keys;
    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[1], &num_keys)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        auto keys = rnd::split(key, num_keys);
        
        // Return list of keys
        ERL_NIF_TERM key_list = enif_make_list(env, 0);
        for (int i = keys.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            auto key_result = make_array_resource(env, keys[i]);
            // Extract the array term from the {ok, Array} tuple
            const ERL_NIF_TERM* tuple_elements;
            int tuple_arity;
            ERL_NIF_TERM key_term;
            if (enif_get_tuple(env, key_result, &tuple_arity, &tuple_elements) && tuple_arity == 2) {
                key_term = tuple_elements[1];
            } else {
                key_term = key_result;
            }
            key_list = enif_make_list_cell(env, key_term, key_list);
        }
        
        return make_ok(env, key_list);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_split_error");
    }
}

// ==================== RANDOM UTILITIES ====================

static ERL_NIF_TERM mlx_random_bits(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) {
    if (argc != 3) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    auto shape = parse_shape(env, argv[0]);
    if (shape.empty()) return enif_make_badarg(env);
    
    int width;
    if (!enif_get_int(env, argv[1], &width)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    char dtype_str[32];
    if (!enif_get_atom(env, argv[2], dtype_str, sizeof(dtype_str), ERL_NIF_LATIN1)) {
        return enif_make_badarg(env);
    }
    
    try {
        Dtype dtype = parse_dtype(dtype_str);
        array result = rnd::bits(shape, width, dtype);
        return make_array_resource(env, result);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return make_error(env, "random_bits_error");
    }
}

// Resource destructor
static void array_resource_destructor(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj) {
    ArrayResource* res = (ArrayResource*)obj;
    res->~ArrayResource();
}

// Random NIF function table
static ErlNifFunc nif_funcs[] = {
    // Seed management
    {"seed", 1, mlx_random_seed, 0},
    
    // Basic distributions
    {"uniform", 4, mlx_random_uniform, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"normal", 4, mlx_random_normal, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"bernoulli", 2, mlx_random_bernoulli, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"categorical", 3, mlx_random_categorical, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"gumbel", 2, mlx_random_gumbel, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"laplace", 4, mlx_random_laplace, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"randint", 4, mlx_random_randint, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    
    // Sampling operations
    {"choice", 4, mlx_random_choice, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"permutation", 2, mlx_random_permutation, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"shuffle", 2, mlx_random_shuffle, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    
    // Advanced sampling
    {"multivariate_normal", 3, mlx_random_multivariate_normal, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    {"truncated_normal", 6, mlx_random_truncated_normal, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND},
    
    // Key management
    {"key", 1, mlx_random_key, 0},
    {"split", 2, mlx_random_split, 0},
    
    // Utilities
    {"bits", 3, mlx_random_bits, ERL_NIF_DIRTY_JOB_CPU_BOUND}
};

static int load(ErlNifEnv* env, void** priv_data, ERL_NIF_TERM load_info) {
    ErlNifResourceFlags flags = (ErlNifResourceFlags)(ERL_NIF_RT_CREATE | ERL_NIF_RT_TAKEOVER);
    ErlNifResourceFlags* tried = NULL;
    
    ARRAY_RESOURCE_TYPE = enif_open_resource_type(
        env, NULL, "mlx_random_array", array_resource_destructor, flags, tried);

    if (!ARRAY_RESOURCE_TYPE) {
        return 1;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

static int upgrade(ErlNifEnv* env, void** priv_data, void** old_priv_data, ERL_NIF_TERM load_info) {
    return load(env, priv_data, load_info);
}

static void unload(ErlNifEnv* env, void* priv_data) {
    // Cleanup if needed
}

ERL_NIF_INIT(mlx_random_nif, nif_funcs, load, NULL, upgrade, unload)