%% -*- erlang-indent-level: 4;indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
%% ex: ts=4 sw=4 et
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------
%%
%% hooks: generic Erlang hooks application
%%
%% Copyright (c) 2015-2025 Benoît Chesneau
%%
%% Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
%% of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
%% in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
%% to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
%% copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
%% furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
%%
%% The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
%% all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
%%
%% THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
%% IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
%% AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
%% LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
%% OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
%% THE SOFTWARE.
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------

-module('hooks').
-moduledoc """
Generic hooks system for Erlang applications.

## Overview

The `hooks` module provides a flexible and efficient hooks system that allows you to create
extension points in your application. Hooks enable you to register multiple functions that
will be called at specific points in your code, similar to events or callbacks but with
more flexibility.

## Features

- Priority-based execution order
- Multiple execution strategies (run, fold, all, all_till_ok, only)
- Plugin system with automatic hook registration
- Efficient storage using persistent_term
- Support for deferred initialization

## Examples

### Basic Hook Registration

    %% Register a hook function
    ok = hooks:reg(on_user_login, my_module, log_login, 2, 10).
    
    %% Run the hook
    ok = hooks:run(on_user_login, [UserId, Timestamp]).
    
    %% Unregister the hook
    ok = hooks:unreg(on_user_login, my_module, log_login, 2).

### Using Plugins

    %% Enable a plugin that registers its own hooks
    ok = hooks:enable_plugin(my_plugin).
    
    %% Disable the plugin and unregister its hooks
    ok = hooks:disable_plugin(my_plugin).

### Different Execution Strategies

    %% Run all hooks until one returns 'stop'
    ok = hooks:run(before_save, [Data]).
    
    %% Fold over hooks with an accumulator
    Result = hooks:run_fold(transform_data, [Input], InitialAcc).
    
    %% Get all results from all hooks
    Results = hooks:all(validate_data, [Data]).
    
    %% Run until one returns ok or {ok, Value}
    case hooks:all_till_ok(authenticate, [User, Pass]) of
        ok -> authenticated;
        {ok, UserInfo} -> {authenticated, UserInfo};
        {error, Reasons} -> {failed, Reasons}
    end.

## Configuration

The hooks application supports the following configuration options:

- `{wait_for_proc, atom()}` - Wait for a registered process before becoming ready

## Since

1.0.0
""".
-behaviour(gen_statem).
-author("Benoît Chesneau").
-since("1.0.0").


%% API to register hooks manually
-export([reg/3, reg/4, reg/5,
         unreg/3, unreg/4, unreg/5,
         mreg/1,
         munreg/1]).

%% API to register hooks from applications
-export([enable_plugin/1, enable_plugin/2,
         disable_plugin/1]).

-export([
  run/2,
  run_fold/3,
  all/2,
  all_till_ok/2,
  only/2
]).

-export([find/1]).

-export([start_link/0]).

-export([init/1, callback_mode/0, handle_event/4, terminate/3, code_change/4]).
%% State callbacks
-export([not_ready/3, ready/3]).

-include("hooks.hrl").

-define(find_hook(Name),
  case persistent_term:get({hooks, Name}, no_hook) of
    no_hook -> no_hook;
    Res -> Res
  end).

-type hook() :: {atom(), atom(), non_neg_integer()}
| {atom(), atom(), non_neg_integer(), integer()}.
-type hookname() :: any().
-type hooks() :: [{hookname(), [hook()]}].

-export_type([hook/0, hookname/0, hooks/0]).

%% @doc register a `Module:Fun/Arity' as hook, the function name become the hook name.
-spec reg(Module::atom(), Fun::atom(), Arity::non_neg_integer()) -> ok | {error, term()}.
reg(Module, Fun, Arity) ->
  reg(Fun, Module, Fun, Arity, 0).

-doc """
Register a function for a specific hook name.

## Parameters

  * `HookName` - The hook identifier
  * `Module` - The module containing the hook function
  * `Fun` - The function name
  * `Arity` - The function arity

## Returns

  * `ok` - Registration successful
  * `{error, term()}` - Registration failed

## Examples

    %% Register a function for the 'before_save' hook
    ok = hooks:reg(before_save, validator, check_data, 1).

## Since

1.0.0
""".
-spec reg(HookName::hookname(), Module::atom(), Fun::atom(), Arity::non_neg_integer()) -> ok | {error, term()}.
reg(HookName, Module, Fun, Arity) ->
  reg(HookName, Module, Fun, Arity, 0).


%% @doc register `Module:Fun/Arity' for the hook HookName with a priority
%% (default is 0)
-spec reg(HookName::hookname(), Module::atom(), Fun::atom(),
  Arity::non_neg_integer(), Priority::integer()) -> ok | {error, term()}.
reg(HookName, Module, Fun, Arity, Priority) ->
  gen_statem:call(?MODULE, {reg, HookName, {Priority, {Module, Fun, Arity}}}).

%% @doc unregister `Module:Fun/Arity', the function name is the hook
-spec unreg(Module::atom(), Function::atom(), Arity::non_neg_integer()) -> ok.
unreg(Module, Fun, Arity) ->
  unreg(Fun, Module, Fun, Arity).


%% @doc unregister `Module:Fun/Arity' for the hook HookName
-spec unreg(HookName::hookname(), Module::atom(), Fun::atom(), Arity::non_neg_integer()) -> ok.
unreg(HookName, Module, Fun, Arity) ->
  unreg(HookName, Module, Fun, Arity, 0).

%% @doc unregister `Module:Fun/Arity' registered for the hook HookName with a
%% priority
-spec unreg(HookName::hookname(), Module::atom(), Fun::atom(),
  Arity::non_neg_integer(), Priority::integer()) -> ok.
unreg(HookName, Module, Fun, Arity, Priority) ->
  gen_statem:call(?MODULE, {unreg, HookName, {Priority, {Module, Fun, Arity}}}).

%% @doc register multiple hooks
-spec mreg(Hooks::hooks()) -> ok | {error, term()}.
mreg(Hooks) ->
  gen_statem:call(?MODULE, {mreg, Hooks}).

%% @doc disable multiple hooks
-spec munreg(Hooks::hooks()) -> ok.
munreg(Hooks) ->
  gen_statem:call(?MODULE, {munreg, Hooks}).

%% @doc enable a plugin
%% This function will start an application if not started and register hooks
%% from it if none have been registered before. Hooks are loaded from the
%% `hooks' key in the application environnement
-spec enable_plugin(Application::atom()) -> ok | {error, term()}.
enable_plugin(Application) ->
  enable_plugin(Application, []).

%% @doc enable a plugin and load paths if needed
-spec enable_plugin(Application::atom(), Paths::[string()]) -> ok | {error, term()}.
enable_plugin(Application, Paths)
  when is_atom(Application), is_list(Paths) ->
  gen_statem:call(?MODULE, {enable_plugin, Application, Paths}).

%% @doc disable a plugin
-spec disable_plugin(Application::atom()) -> ok.
disable_plugin(Application) ->
  gen_statem:call(?MODULE, {disable_plugin, Application}).

%% @doc run all hooks registered for the HookName.
%% Execution can be interrupted if an hook return the atom `stop'.
-spec run(HookName::hookname(), Args::list()) -> ok.
run(HookName, Args) ->
  case ?find_hook(HookName) of
    no_hook -> ok;
    Hooks -> run1(Hooks, HookName, Args)
  end.

run1([], _HookName, _Args) ->
  ok;
run1([{M, F} | Rest], HookName, Args) ->
  Ret = (catch apply(M, F, Args)),
  case Ret of
    {'EXIT', Reason} ->
      error_logger:error_msg("~p~n error running hook: ~p~n",
        [HookName, Reason]),
      run1(Rest, HookName, Args);
    stop ->
      ok;
    _ ->
      run1(Rest, HookName, Args)
  end.

%% @doc fold over all hooks registered for HookName, and return Acc.
%% interuptiuo can be interupted if the hook return `stop' in thacase the
%% latest Acc will be returned or `{stop, Acc}', in the case the Acc will be
%% returned. In other cases the value returned by the hook will be given to
%% the next function.
-spec run_fold(HookName::hookname(), Args::list(), Acc::any()) -> Acc2::any().
run_fold(HookName, Args, Acc) ->
  case ?find_hook(HookName) of
    no_hook -> Acc;
    Hooks -> run_fold1(Hooks, Args, HookName, Acc)
  end.


run_fold1([], _Args, _HookName, Acc) ->
  Acc;
run_fold1([{M, F} | Rest], Args0, HookName, Acc) ->
  Args = Args0 ++ [Acc],
  Ret = (catch apply(M, F, Args)),
  case Ret of
    {'EXIT', Reason} ->
      error_logger:error_msg("~p~n error running hook: ~p~n",
        [HookName, Reason]),
      run_fold1(Rest, Args0, HookName, Acc);
    stop ->
      Acc;
    {stop, NewAcc} ->
      NewAcc;
    _ ->
      run_fold1(Rest, Args0, HookName, Ret)
  end.


%% @doc execute all hooks for this HookName and return all results
-spec all(HookName::hookname(), Args::list()) -> [any()].
all(HookName, Args) ->
  case ?find_hook(HookName) of
    no_hook -> [];
    Hooks -> all1(Hooks, Args, [])
  end.

all1([{Module, Fun} | Rest], Args, Acc) ->
  Res = apply(Module, Fun, Args),
  all1(Rest, Args, [Res | Acc]);
all1([], _Args, Acc) ->
  lists:reverse(Acc).

%% @doc execute all hooks for the HookName until one return ok or {ok, Val}.
%% Otherwise it will return all other results as error.
-spec all_till_ok(HookName::hookname(), Args::list())
    -> ok | {ok, any()} | {error, term()}.
all_till_ok(HookName, Args) ->
  case ?find_hook(HookName) of
    no_hook -> [];
    Hooks -> all_till_ok1(Hooks, Args, [])
  end.

all_till_ok1([{Module, Fun} | Rest], Args, ErrAcc) ->
  Res = apply(Module, Fun, Args),
  case Res of
    ok -> ok;
    {ok, V} -> {ok, V};
    Error -> all_till_ok1(Rest, Args, [Error | ErrAcc])
  end;
all_till_ok1([], _Args, ErrAcc) ->
  {error, lists:reverse(ErrAcc)}.


%% @doc call the top priority hook for the HookName
-spec only(HookName::hookname(), Args::list()) -> any() | no_hook.
only(HookName, Args) ->
  case ?find_hook(HookName) of
    no_hook -> no_hook;
    [{Module, Fun} |_] -> apply(Module, Fun, Args)
  end.


%% @doc retrieve the lists of registered functions for an hook.
-spec find(HookName::hookname()) -> {ok, [{atom(), atom()}]} | error.
find(HookName) ->
  case ?find_hook(HookName) of
    no_hook -> error;
    Hooks -> {ok, Hooks}
  end.

%% @hidden
start_link() ->
  gen_statem:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, [], []).

%% @hidden
callback_mode() ->
  state_functions.

%% @hidden
init([]) ->
  %% build empty list of hooks for safety
  build_hooks([]),
  
  case application:get_env(hooks, wait_for_proc) of
    {ok, Proc} when is_atom(Proc) ->
      spawn_waiter(self(), Proc),
      {ok, not_ready, []};
    _ ->
      %% Send ready message to trigger initialization after init completes
      self() ! ready,
      {ok, ready, []}
  end.

%% State: not_ready
not_ready({call, From}, Request, _State) ->
  %% Immediately respond 'ok' to the caller
  gen_statem:reply(From, ok),
  %% Postpone the actual work
  {keep_state_and_data, [{next_event, internal, {deferred_call, Request}}]};

not_ready(internal, {deferred_call, _Request}, _State) ->
  %% Postpone deferred calls until ready
  {keep_state_and_data, [postpone]};

not_ready(info, ready, _Data) ->
  %% Transition to ready state and initialize
  do_init_hooks(),
  %% gen_statem will automatically deliver postponed events
  {next_state, ready, []}.

%% State: ready
ready({call, From}, {reg, HookName, {Priority, MFA}}, _State) ->
  case do_reg(HookName, {Priority, MFA}) of
    ok ->
      {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, ok}]};
    Error ->
      {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, Error}]}
  end;

ready({call, From}, {unreg, HookName, {Priority, MFA}}, _State) ->
  do_unreg(HookName, {Priority, MFA}),
  {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, ok}]};

ready({call, From}, {mreg, Hooks}, _State) ->
  case do_mreg(Hooks) of
    ok ->
      {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, ok}]};
    Error ->
      {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, Error}]}
  end;

ready({call, From}, {munreg, Hooks}, _State) ->
  do_munreg(Hooks),
  {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, ok}]};

ready({call, From}, {enable_plugin, Application, Paths}, _State) ->
  case do_enable_plugin(Application, Paths) of
    ok ->
      {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, ok}]};
    Error ->
      {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, Error}]}
  end;
ready({call, From}, {disable_plugin, Application}, _State) ->
  do_disable_plugin(Application),
  {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, ok}]};

ready({call, From}, _Msg, _State) ->
  {keep_state_and_data, [{reply, From, badarg}]};

ready(info, ready, _State) ->
  %% Initialize hooks when ready message is received
  do_init_hooks(),
  keep_state_and_data;

ready(info, _Info, _State) ->
  keep_state_and_data;

ready(internal, {deferred_call, {reg, HookName, {Priority, MFA}}}, _State) ->
  %% Process deferred registration
  _ = do_reg(HookName, {Priority, MFA}),
  keep_state_and_data;

ready(internal, {deferred_call, {unreg, HookName, {Priority, MFA}}}, _State) ->
  %% Process deferred unregistration
  do_unreg(HookName, {Priority, MFA}),
  keep_state_and_data;

ready(internal, {deferred_call, {mreg, Hooks}}, _State) ->
  %% Process deferred multi-registration
  _ = do_mreg(Hooks),
  keep_state_and_data;

ready(internal, {deferred_call, {munreg, Hooks}}, _State) ->
  %% Process deferred multi-unregistration
  do_munreg(Hooks),
  keep_state_and_data;

ready(internal, {deferred_call, {enable_plugin, Application, Paths}}, _State) ->
  %% Process deferred plugin enable
  do_enable_plugin(Application, Paths),
  keep_state_and_data;

ready(internal, {deferred_call, {disable_plugin, Application}}, _State) ->
  %% Process deferred plugin disable
  do_disable_plugin(Application),
  keep_state_and_data.

%% @hidden
handle_event(EventType, EventContent, State, _Data) ->
  %% Log unhandled events for debugging
  error_logger:warning_msg("Unhandled event ~p in state ~p: ~p~n", 
                          [EventType, State, EventContent]),
  keep_state_and_data.

%% @hidden
code_change(_OldVsn, StateName, State, _Extra) ->
  {ok, StateName, State}.

%% @hidden
terminate(_Reason, _StateName, _State) ->
  %% Clean up all persistent_term entries for hooks
  lists:foreach(fun(Key) ->
    case Key of
      {hooks, _} -> persistent_term:erase(Key);
      _ -> ok
    end
  end, persistent_term:get()),
  ok.


%%% private functions
%%%

do_init_hooks() ->
  %% Enable internal hooks plugin
  ok = do_enable_plugin(hooks, []),
  %% Build all hooks from ETS into persistent_term
  build_hooks(),
  %% Run initialization hooks
  hooks:run(init_hooks, []).

spawn_waiter(Server, Proc) ->
  spawn_link(fun() -> wait_proc_loop(Server, Proc) end).


wait_proc_loop(Server, Proc) ->
  case whereis(Proc) of
    undefined ->
      timer:sleep(10),
      wait_proc_loop(Server, Proc);
    _ ->
      Server ! ready
  end.

do_mreg([]) ->
  ok;
do_mreg([{HookName, Hooks0}| Rest]) ->
  case check_hooks(Hooks0, []) of
    {ok, Hooks} ->
      update_hooks(HookName, Hooks),
      do_mreg(Rest);
    Error ->
      Error
  end.


do_reg(HookName, {_Priority, MFA}=Hook) ->
  case check_mfa(MFA) of
    ok ->
      update_hooks(HookName, [Hook]),
      ok;
    Error ->
      Error
  end.

do_munreg([]) ->
  ok;
do_munreg([{HookName, Hooks0} | Rest]) ->
  Hooks = lists:foldl(fun
                        ({_, _, _}=MFA, Acc) ->
                          [{0, MFA} |Acc];
                        ({_, {_, _, _}}=Hook, Acc) ->
                          [Hook | Acc]
                      end, [], Hooks0),
  remove_hooks(HookName, lists:reverse(Hooks)),
  do_munreg(Rest).

do_unreg(HookName, Hook) ->
  remove_hooks(HookName, [Hook]),
  ok.

update_hooks(HookName, HookFuns) ->
  case ets:lookup(?TAB, {h, HookName}) of
    [] ->
      true = ets:insert(?TAB, {{h, HookName}, HookFuns}),
      %% Update persistent_term for new hook
      Sorted = lists:keysort(1, HookFuns),
      MFs = [{M, F} || {_P, {M, F, _A}} <- Sorted],
      persistent_term:put({hooks, HookName}, MFs);
    [{_, Funs}] ->
      %% Merge hooks, avoiding duplicates
      AllFuns = Funs ++ HookFuns,
      %% Remove duplicates while preserving order
      Funs2 = lists:usort(AllFuns),
      true = ets:insert(?TAB, {{h, HookName}, Funs2}),
      %% Update persistent_term with merged hooks
      Sorted = lists:keysort(1, Funs2),
      MFs = [{M, F} || {_P, {M, F, _A}} <- Sorted],
      persistent_term:put({hooks, HookName}, MFs)
  end.

remove_hooks(HookName, HookFuns) ->
  case ets:lookup(?TAB, {h, HookName}) of
    [] ->
      ok;
    [{_, Funs}] ->
      Funs2 = Funs -- HookFuns,
      case Funs2 of
        [] ->
          ets:delete(?TAB, {h, HookName}),
          %% Also remove from persistent_term when no hooks left
          persistent_term:erase({hooks, HookName});
        _ ->
          ets:insert(?TAB, {{h, HookName}, Funs2}),
          %% Update persistent_term with new hook list
          Sorted = lists:keysort(1, Funs2),
          MFs = [{M, F} || {_P, {M, F, _A}} <- Sorted],
          persistent_term:put({hooks, HookName}, MFs)
      end
  end.


do_enable_plugin(Application, Paths) ->
  ok = add_paths(Paths),
  case ets:lookup(?TAB, {p, Application}) of
    [] -> ok;
    [{_, PluginHooks}] ->
      unregister_plugin_hooks(PluginHooks, Application)
  end,

  case load_plugin(Application, Paths) of
    ok ->
      ok;
    Error ->
      Error
  end.

do_disable_plugin(Application) ->
  %% Don't try to stop the hooks application itself
  case Application of
    hooks -> ok;
    _ ->
      case lists:keyfind(Application, 1, application:loaded_applications()) of
        {Application, _, _} ->
          Exports = Application:module_info(exports),
          case lists:member({stop, 0}, Exports) of
            true -> Application:stop();
            false -> application:stop(Application)
          end;
        false -> ok
      end
  end,

  case ets:lookup(?TAB, {p, Application}) of
    [] -> ok;
    [{_, PluginHooks}] -> unregister_plugin_hooks(PluginHooks, Application)
  end,
  ok.

add_paths([]) ->
  ok;
add_paths([Path | Rest]) ->
  _ = code:add_path(Path),

  EbinDir = filelib:wildcard(filename:join(Path, "ebin")),
  ok = code:add_paths(EbinDir),

  %% rebar2 deps
  DepsEbinDir = filelib:wildcard(filename:join(Path, "deps/*/ebin")),
  ok = code:add_paths(DepsEbinDir),
  %% rebar3 deps
  LibEbinDir = filelib:wildcard(filename:join(Path, "lib/*/ebin")),
  ok = code:add_paths(LibEbinDir),
  add_paths(Rest).


maybe_start_plugin(Application) ->
  case lists:keyfind(Application, 1, application:which_applications()) of
    false ->
      _ = application:load(Application),
      Exports = Application:module_info(exports),
      case check_exported_functions([{start, 0}, {stop, 0}], Exports) of
        ok ->
          Application:start();
        _ ->
          Res = application:ensure_all_started(Application),
          case Res of
            {ok, _} -> ok;
            Error -> Error
          end
      end;
    _Else ->
      already_started
  end.

extract_hooks(Application) ->
  application:get_env(Application, hooks, []).

check_hooks([], Hooks) ->
  {ok, lists:reverse(Hooks)};
check_hooks([{_, _, _}=MFA | Rest], Hooks) ->
  check_hooks([{0, MFA} | Rest], Hooks);
check_hooks([{_Priority, MFA}=Hook | Rest], Hooks) ->
  case check_mfa(MFA) of
    ok -> check_hooks(Rest, [Hook | Hooks]);
    Error -> Error
  end.

check_mfa({Mod, Fun, Arity}) ->
  _ = code:ensure_loaded(Mod),
  case lists:member({Fun, Arity}, Mod:module_info(exports)) of
    true -> ok;
    false -> {error, hooks_not_exported}
  end.


build_hooks() ->
  Hooks = ets:select(?TAB, [{{{h,'$1'},'$2'},[],[{{'$1','$2'}}]}]),
  build_hooks(Hooks).

build_hooks(Hooks) ->
  %% Clean up all existing hook entries in persistent_term first
  lists:foreach(fun(Key) ->
    case Key of
      {hooks, _} -> persistent_term:erase(Key);
      _ -> ok
    end
  end, persistent_term:get()),
  
  %% Bulk update persistent_term for all hooks (used during initialization)
  lists:foreach(
    fun({Name, FunsByPriority}) ->
      %% Sort by priority and extract {M, F} tuples
      Sorted = lists:keysort(1, FunsByPriority),
      Funs = [{M, F} || {_P, {M, F, _A}} <- Sorted],
      persistent_term:put({hooks, Name}, Funs)
    end, Hooks),
  
  %% run build hooks
  hooks:run(build_hooks, [Hooks]),
  ok.


unregister_plugin_hooks({Hooks, _Path}, Application) ->
  lists:foreach(fun({HookName, Specs}) ->
    case ets:lookup(?TAB, {h, HookName}) of
      [] -> ok;
      [{_, OldSpecs}] ->
        ToRem = OldSpecs -- Specs,
        NewSpecs = OldSpecs -- ToRem,
        if
          NewSpecs /= [] ->
            ets:insert(?TAB, {{h, HookName}, NewSpecs});
          true ->
            ets:delete(?TAB, {h, HookName}),
            %% Clean up persistent_term when hook is completely removed
            persistent_term:erase({hooks, HookName})
        end
    end
                end, Hooks),
  ets:delete(?TAB, {p, Application}),
  ok.

load_plugin(Application, Paths) ->
  ok = add_paths(Paths),
  Start = maybe_start_plugin(Application),
  if
    Start =:= ok; Start =:= already_started ->
      AppHooks = extract_hooks(Application),

      lists:foreach(fun({HookName, Specs}) ->
        case check_hooks(Specs, []) of
          {ok, Specs2} ->
            case ets:lookup(?TAB, {h, HookName})  of
              [] ->
                ets:insert(?TAB, {{h, HookName}, Specs2}),
                %% Update persistent_term for new hook
                Sorted = lists:keysort(1, Specs2),
                MFs = [{M, F} || {_P, {M, F, _A}} <- Sorted],
                persistent_term:put({hooks, HookName}, MFs);
              [{_, OldSpecs}] ->
                ToRem = OldSpecs -- Specs2,
                NewSpecs = lists:merge(OldSpecs -- ToRem, Specs2),
                ets:insert(?TAB, {{h, HookName}, NewSpecs}),
                %% Update persistent_term with merged hooks
                Sorted = lists:keysort(1, NewSpecs),
                MFs = [{M, F} || {_P, {M, F, _A}} <- Sorted],
                persistent_term:put({hooks, HookName}, MFs)
            end;
          Error ->
            error_logger:error_msg("~p~n error registering: ~p~n", [HookName, Error]),
            ok
        end
                    end, AppHooks),
      ets:insert(?TAB, {{p, Application}, {AppHooks, Paths}}),
      ok;
    true ->
      error_logger:error_msg("~p~n error loading: ~p~n", [Application, Start]),
      Start
  end.

check_exported_functions([], _Exports) ->
  ok;
check_exported_functions([{F, A} | Rest], Exports) ->
  case lists:member({F, A}, Exports) of
    true -> check_exported_functions(Rest, Exports);
    false -> {not_exported, {F, A}}
  end.