defmodule Geohash do


  @geobase32 '0123456789bcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz'

  @doc ~S"""
  Encodes given coordinates to a geohash of length `precision`

  ## Examples

  iex> Geohash.encode(42.6, -5.6, 5)
  "ezs42"
  """
  def encode(lat, lon, precision \\ 11) do
    encode_to_bits(lat, lon, precision * 5) |> to_geobase32
  end

  @doc ~S"""
  Encodes given coordinates to a bitstring of length `bits_length`

  ## Examples

  iex> Geohash.encode_to_bits(42.6, -5.6, 25)
  <<0b0110111111110000010000010::25>>
  """
  def encode_to_bits(lat, lon, bits_length) do
    starting_position = bits_length - 1
    lat_bits = lat_to_bits(lat, starting_position - 1) # odd bits
    lon_bits = lon_to_bits(lon, starting_position) # even bits
    geo_bits = lat_bits + lon_bits
    <<geo_bits::size(bits_length)>>
  end

  defp to_geobase32(bits) do
    chars = for << c::5 <- bits >>, do: Enum.fetch!(@geobase32, c)
    chars |> to_string
  end

  defp lon_to_bits(lon, position) do
    geo_to_bits(lon, position, {-180.0, 180.0})
  end

  defp lat_to_bits(lat, position) do
    geo_to_bits(lat, position, {-90.0, 90.0})
  end

  defp geo_to_bits(_, position, _) when position < 0 do
    0
  end

  @docp ~S"""
  Decodes given lat or lon creating the bits using 2^x to
  positionate the bit instead of building a bitstring.

  It moves by 2 to already set the bits on odd or even positions.
  """
  defp geo_to_bits(n, position, {gmin, gmax}) do
    mid = (gmin + gmax) / 2

    cond do
      n >= mid ->
        round(:math.pow(2, position)) + geo_to_bits(n, position - 2, {mid, gmax})
      n < mid ->
        geo_to_bits(n, position - 2, {gmin, mid})
    end
  end

  #--------------------------

  @doc ~S"""
  Decodes given geohash to a coordinate pair

  ## Examples

  iex> Geohash.decode("ezs42")
  {42.605, -5.603}
  """
  def decode(geohash) do
    geohash
    |> decode_to_bits
    |> bits_to_coordinates_pair
  end

  @doc ~S"""
  Decodes given geohash to a coordinate pair

  ## Examples

  iex> Geohash.decode("ezs42")
  {42.605, -5.603}
  """
  def decode_to_bits(geohash) do
    to_char_list(geohash)
    |> Enum.map(&from_geobase32/1)
    |> Enum.reduce(<<>>, fn(c, acc) -> << acc::bitstring, c::bitstring >> end)
  end

  def bits_to_coordinates_pair(bits) do
    bitslist = for << bit::1 <- bits >>, do: bit
    lat = bitslist
    |> filter_odd
    |> Enum.reduce(fn (bit, acc) -> <<acc::bitstring, bit::bitstring>> end)
    |> bits_to_coordinate({-90.0, 90.0})

    lon = bitslist
    |> filter_even
    |> Enum.reduce(fn (bit, acc) -> <<acc::bitstring, bit::bitstring>> end)
    |> bits_to_coordinate({-180.0, 180.0})

    {lat, lon}
  end

  defp filter_even(bitslists) do
    bitslists |> filter_periodically(2, 0)
  end

  defp filter_odd(bitslists) do
    bitslists |> filter_periodically(2, 1)
  end

  defp filter_periodically(bitslist, period, offset) do
    bitslist
    |> Enum.with_index
    |> Enum.filter(fn {_, i} -> rem(i, period) == offset end)
    |> Enum.map(fn {bit, _} -> <<bit::1>> end)
  end

  defp bits_to_coordinate(<<>>, {min, max}) do
    (min + max) / 2
    |> round_coordinate({min, max})
  end

  defp bits_to_coordinate(bits, {min, max}) do
    << bit::1, rest::bitstring >> = bits
    mid = (min + max) / 2
    cond do
      bit == 1 ->
        bits_to_coordinate(rest, {mid, max})
      bit == 0 ->
        bits_to_coordinate(rest, {min, mid})
    end
  end

  @docp ~S"""
  Rounding criteria taken from:
  https://github.com/chrisveness/latlon-geohash/blob/decb13b09a7f1e219a2ca86ff8432fb9e2774fc7/latlon-geohash.js#L117

  See demo of that implementation here:
  http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/geohash.html
  """
  defp round_coordinate(coord, {min, max}) do
    Float.round(coord, round(Float.floor(2 - :math.log10(max-min))))
  end

  defp from_geobase32(char) do
    Enum.with_index(@geobase32)
    |> Enum.filter_map(fn {x, _} -> x == char end, fn {_, i} -> <<i::5>> end)
    |> List.first
  end
end