defmodule BACnet.Protocol.AddressBinding do
  @moduledoc """
  An Address Binding is the mapping between a device's Object Identifier (the
  Device object instance) and the network address at which that device can be
  reached. It is the fundamental data structure used by the BACnet address
  resolution mechanisms.

  Every BACnet device maintains a Device Address Binding table. Static bindings
  can be configured locally or via the Write Property service. Dynamic bindings
  are learned automatically when a device receives an I-Am message (in response
  to Who-Is) or when it receives traffic from a previously unknown device.
  Foreign devices registered through a BBMD also appear in address binding
  tables.

  The structure is used in the Device object's Device_Address_Binding property,
  in the recipient fields of event and COV subscriptions, in the destination
  lists of the Write Group service, and in many network-layer and application-
  layer routing decisions. Correct maintenance of address bindings is essential
  for reliable communication across BACnet/IP, BACnet/Ethernet, and MS/TP
  networks that are joined by routers.

  ### Examples (Doc Test)

  ```elixir
  iex> binding = %AddressBinding{
  ...>   device_identifier: %ObjectIdentifier{type: :device, instance: 123},
  ...>   network: 0,
  ...>   address: <<192, 168, 1, 100, 0xBA, 0xC0>>
  ...> }
  iex> binding.device_identifier.instance
  123
  ```
  """

  # TODO: Throw argument error in encode if not valid

  alias BACnet.Protocol.ApplicationTags
  alias BACnet.Protocol.NetworkLayerProtocolMessage
  alias BACnet.Protocol.ObjectIdentifier

  @typedoc """
  Associates a BACnet device object identifier with its network address.
  """
  @type t :: %__MODULE__{
          device_identifier: ObjectIdentifier.t(),
          network: NetworkLayerProtocolMessage.dnet(),
          address: binary()
        }

  @fields [:device_identifier, :network, :address]
  @enforce_keys @fields
  defstruct @fields

  @doc """
  Encodes a BACnet address binding into BACnet application tags encoding.
  """
  @spec encode(t(), Keyword.t()) ::
          {:ok, ApplicationTags.encoding_list()} | {:error, term()}
  def encode(
        %__MODULE__{
          device_identifier: %ObjectIdentifier{type: :device},
          network: net,
          address: mac
        } = access_spec,
        _opts \\ []
      )
      when is_integer(net) and is_binary(mac) do
    if net >= 0 and ApplicationTags.valid_int?(net, 16) do
      params = [
        {:object_identifier, access_spec.device_identifier},
        {:unsigned_integer, net},
        {:octet_string, String.upcase(mac, :ascii)}
      ]

      {:ok, params}
    else
      {:error, :invalid_network_value}
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Parses a BACnet address binding from BACnet application tags encoding.
  """
  @spec parse(ApplicationTags.encoding_list()) ::
          {:ok, {t(), rest :: ApplicationTags.encoding_list()}}
          | {:error, term()}
  def parse(tags) when is_list(tags) do
    case tags do
      [
        {:object_identifier, dev},
        {:unsigned_integer, net},
        {:octet_string, mac}
        | rest
      ] ->
        if ApplicationTags.valid_int?(net, 16) do
          addr = %__MODULE__{
            device_identifier: dev,
            network: net,
            address:
              if(String.match?(mac, ~r/[a-zA-Z0-9]+/), do: String.upcase(mac, :ascii), else: mac)
          }

          {:ok, {addr, rest}}
        else
          {:error, :invalid_network_value}
        end

      _else ->
        {:error, :invalid_tags}
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Validates whether the given address binding is in form valid.

  It only validates the struct is valid as per type specification.
  """
  @spec valid?(t()) :: boolean()
  def valid?(
        %__MODULE__{
          device_identifier: %ObjectIdentifier{type: :device} = dev_ref,
          network: net,
          address: mac
        } = _t
      )
      when is_integer(net) and net >= 0 and net <= 65_535 and is_binary(mac) do
    ObjectIdentifier.valid?(dev_ref)
  end

  def valid?(%__MODULE__{} = _t), do: false
end