%% quantum_protocol.erl %% Quantum-inspired distribution protocol with entanglement and coherence -module(quantum_protocol). -behaviour(gen_server). %% API -export([ start_link/1, send_entangled/3, create_superposition/2, measure_state/1, establish_entanglement/2, quantum_teleport/3, create_quantum_cluster/2 ]). %% gen_server callbacks -export([init/1, handle_call/3, handle_cast/2, handle_info/2, terminate/2, code_change/3]). %% Internal exports -export([ quantum_channel_handler/3, coherence_maintainer/2, entanglement_monitor/1 ]). -define(QUANTUM_CHANNEL_TABLE, quantum_channels). -define(ENTANGLEMENT_TABLE, quantum_entanglements). -define(SUPERPOSITION_TABLE, quantum_superpositions). -record(state, { node_id :: atom(), quantum_state :: map(), entanglements :: map(), superpositions :: map(), coherence_time :: integer(), decoherence_rate :: float(), quantum_gates :: map(), error_correction :: boolean() }). -record(quantum_channel, { id :: reference(), node1 :: atom(), node2 :: atom(), entanglement_strength :: float(), coherence_time :: integer(), last_measurement :: erlang:timestamp(), error_rate :: float(), correction_code :: atom() }). -record(entangled_pair, { id :: reference(), pid1 :: pid(), pid2 :: pid(), entanglement_type :: atom(), creation_time :: erlang:timestamp(), measurement_history :: [term()], decoherence_factor :: float() }). -record(quantum_state, { amplitude :: {float(), float()}, % Complex number as {real, imaginary} phase :: float(), measurement_basis :: atom(), entangled_with :: [reference()], last_interaction :: erlang:timestamp() }). %% ============================================================================ %% API Functions %% ============================================================================ start_link(Options) -> gen_server:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, Options, []). %% Send message using quantum entanglement (instantaneous) send_entangled(EntanglementId, Message, Options) -> gen_server:call(?MODULE, {send_entangled, EntanglementId, Message, Options}). %% Create quantum superposition of multiple states create_superposition(States, Amplitudes) -> gen_server:call(?MODULE, {create_superposition, States, Amplitudes}). %% Measure quantum state (collapses superposition) measure_state(StateId) -> gen_server:call(?MODULE, {measure_state, StateId}). %% Establish quantum entanglement between two processes establish_entanglement(Pid1, Pid2) -> gen_server:call(?MODULE, {establish_entanglement, Pid1, Pid2}). %% Quantum teleportation of process state quantum_teleport(Pid, TargetNode, EntanglementId) -> gen_server:call(?MODULE, {quantum_teleport, Pid, TargetNode, EntanglementId}). %% Create quantum cluster with all nodes entangled create_quantum_cluster(Nodes, ClusterType) -> gen_server:call(?MODULE, {create_quantum_cluster, Nodes, ClusterType}). %% ============================================================================ %% gen_server callbacks %% ============================================================================ init(Options) -> %% Initialize quantum protocol tables setup_quantum_tables(), %% Initialize quantum state QuantumState = #{ basis_state => zero, amplitude => {1.0, 0.0}, phase => 0.0, entanglement_register => [] }, %% Start quantum subsystems {ok, _CoherenceMaintainer} = start_coherence_maintainer(), {ok, _EntanglementMonitor} = start_entanglement_monitor(), %% Initialize quantum gates QuantumGates = initialize_quantum_gates(), State = #state{ node_id = node(), quantum_state = QuantumState, entanglements = #{}, superpositions = #{}, coherence_time = proplists:get_value(entanglement_timeout, Options, 5000), decoherence_rate = proplists:get_value(decoherence_rate, Options, 0.01), quantum_gates = QuantumGates, error_correction = proplists:get_value(quantum_error_correction, Options, true) }, %% Register with distributed quantum network register_quantum_node(State), {ok, State}. handle_call({send_entangled, EntanglementId, Message, Options}, _From, State) -> %% Send message using quantum entanglement Result = execute_entangled_send(EntanglementId, Message, Options, State), {reply, Result, State}; handle_call({create_superposition, States, Amplitudes}, _From, State) -> %% Create quantum superposition SuperpositionId = create_quantum_superposition(States, Amplitudes, State), {reply, {ok, SuperpositionId}, State}; handle_call({measure_state, StateId}, _From, State) -> %% Measure quantum state (collapse superposition) {Result, NewState} = measure_quantum_state(StateId, State), {reply, Result, NewState}; handle_call({establish_entanglement, Pid1, Pid2}, _From, State) -> %% Create quantum entanglement between processes {EntanglementId, NewState} = create_process_entanglement(Pid1, Pid2, State), {reply, {ok, EntanglementId}, NewState}; handle_call({quantum_teleport, Pid, TargetNode, EntanglementId}, _From, State) -> %% Teleport process state using quantum entanglement Result = execute_quantum_teleport(Pid, TargetNode, EntanglementId, State), {reply, Result, State}; handle_call({create_quantum_cluster, Nodes, ClusterType}, _From, State) -> %% Create quantum cluster with entangled nodes {ClusterId, NewState} = create_entangled_cluster(Nodes, ClusterType, State), {reply, {ok, ClusterId}, NewState}; handle_call(_Request, _From, State) -> {reply, {error, unknown_request}, State}. handle_cast({quantum_measurement, EntanglementId, Result}, State) -> %% Handle quantum measurement results NewState = process_quantum_measurement(EntanglementId, Result, State), {noreply, NewState}; handle_cast({decoherence_event, EntityId, DecoherenceLevel}, State) -> %% Handle quantum decoherence NewState = handle_decoherence(EntityId, DecoherenceLevel, State), {noreply, NewState}; handle_cast({error_correction, EntanglementId, Errors}, State) -> %% Apply quantum error correction NewState = apply_error_correction(EntanglementId, Errors, State), {noreply, NewState}; handle_cast(_Msg, State) -> {noreply, State}. handle_info({quantum_coherence_check}, State) -> %% Periodic coherence maintenance NewState = maintain_quantum_coherence(State), schedule_coherence_check(), {noreply, NewState}; handle_info({entanglement_decay, EntanglementId}, State) -> %% Handle entanglement decay NewState = process_entanglement_decay(EntanglementId, State), {noreply, NewState}; handle_info(_Info, State) -> {noreply, State}. terminate(_Reason, _State) -> cleanup_quantum_resources(), ok. code_change(_OldVsn, State, _Extra) -> {ok, State}. %% ============================================================================ %% Quantum Channel Management %% ============================================================================ quantum_channel_handler(ChannelId, Pid1, Pid2) -> %% Handle quantum channel communication receive {quantum_send, Message, Options} -> %% Apply quantum encoding EncodedMessage = apply_quantum_encoding(Message, Options), %% Send through quantum channel with error correction send_with_error_correction(Pid2, EncodedMessage, ChannelId), quantum_channel_handler(ChannelId, Pid1, Pid2); {quantum_receive, EncodedMessage, SenderId} -> %% Decode quantum message DecodedMessage = apply_quantum_decoding(EncodedMessage, SenderId), %% Forward to target process Pid1 ! {quantum_message, DecodedMessage, SenderId}, quantum_channel_handler(ChannelId, Pid1, Pid2); {measurement_collapse, _MeasurementResult} -> %% Handle measurement-induced state collapse %% Placeholder for handle_measurement_collapse(ChannelId, MeasurementResult), quantum_channel_handler(ChannelId, Pid1, Pid2); stop -> cleanup_quantum_channel(ChannelId), ok end. apply_quantum_encoding(Message, Options) -> %% Apply quantum encoding for secure transmission EntanglementKey = maps:get(entanglement_key, Options, default_key), PhaseRotation = maps:get(phase_rotation, Options, 0), %% Simulate quantum encoding EncodedBits = quantum_encode_bits(term_to_binary(Message)), RotatedBits = apply_phase_rotation(EncodedBits, PhaseRotation), #{ encoded_data => RotatedBits, entanglement_key => EntanglementKey, encoding_timestamp => erlang:monotonic_time(nanosecond), error_correction_bits => generate_error_correction_bits(RotatedBits) }. apply_quantum_decoding(EncodedMessage, _SenderId) -> %% Decode quantum-encoded message EncodedData = maps:get(encoded_data, EncodedMessage), ErrorCorrectionBits = maps:get(error_correction_bits, EncodedMessage), %% Apply error correction CorrectedData = apply_quantum_error_correction(EncodedData, ErrorCorrectionBits), %% Decode to original message DecodedBits = quantum_decode_bits(CorrectedData), binary_to_term(DecodedBits). %% ============================================================================ %% Coherence Maintenance %% ============================================================================ coherence_maintainer(State, CoherenceTime) -> %% Maintain quantum coherence across the system receive {maintain_coherence} -> %% Check all entanglements for coherence maintain_all_entanglements(State), %% Apply decoherence corrections apply_decoherence_corrections(State), %% Schedule next maintenance erlang:send_after(CoherenceTime, self(), {maintain_coherence}), coherence_maintainer(State, CoherenceTime); {update_coherence_time, NewTime} -> coherence_maintainer(State, NewTime); stop -> ok end. maintain_all_entanglements(State) -> %% Maintain coherence for all active entanglements Entanglements = State#state.entanglements, maps:foreach(fun(EntanglementId, EntanglementData) -> maintain_entanglement_coherence(EntanglementId, EntanglementData) end, Entanglements). maintain_entanglement_coherence(EntanglementId, EntanglementData) -> %% Apply coherence maintenance to specific entanglement CurrentCoherence = calculate_current_coherence(EntanglementData), case CurrentCoherence < 0.8 of true -> %% Apply coherence restoration apply_coherence_restoration(EntanglementId, EntanglementData); false -> ok end. %% ============================================================================ %% Entanglement Monitoring %% ============================================================================ entanglement_monitor(State) -> %% Monitor entanglement health and performance receive {monitor_entanglements} -> %% Check entanglement strength check_entanglement_strength(State), %% Monitor error rates monitor_error_rates(State), %% Check for Bell inequality violations verify_bell_inequalities(State), %% Schedule next monitoring erlang:send_after(1000, self(), {monitor_entanglements}), entanglement_monitor(State); {entanglement_violation, EntanglementId, ViolationType} -> %% Handle entanglement violations handle_entanglement_violation(EntanglementId, ViolationType), entanglement_monitor(State); stop -> ok end. check_entanglement_strength(State) -> %% Measure entanglement strength for all pairs Entanglements = State#state.entanglements, maps:foreach(fun(EntanglementId, EntanglementData) -> Strength = measure_entanglement_strength(EntanglementData), case Strength < 0.5 of true -> %% Strengthen weak entanglement strengthen_entanglement(EntanglementId, EntanglementData); false -> ok end end, Entanglements). %% ============================================================================ %% Multi-Agent Quantum Cluster %% ============================================================================ create_entangled_cluster(Nodes, ClusterType, State) -> %% Create quantum cluster with all nodes entangled ClusterId = generate_cluster_id(), %% Create entanglement topology based on cluster type EntanglementTopology = case ClusterType of full_mesh -> create_full_mesh_entanglement(Nodes); ring -> create_ring_entanglement(Nodes); star -> create_star_entanglement(Nodes); hypercube -> create_hypercube_entanglement(Nodes) end, %% Establish quantum channels QuantumChannels = establish_cluster_channels(EntanglementTopology), %% Initialize cluster quantum state ClusterQuantumState = initialize_cluster_quantum_state(Nodes, ClusterType), %% Store cluster information ClusterInfo = #{ id => ClusterId, nodes => Nodes, type => ClusterType, entanglement_topology => EntanglementTopology, quantum_channels => QuantumChannels, quantum_state => ClusterQuantumState, creation_time => erlang:timestamp() }, %% Update state NewState = State#state{ entanglements = maps:put(ClusterId, ClusterInfo, State#state.entanglements) }, {ClusterId, NewState}. create_full_mesh_entanglement(Nodes) -> %% Create full mesh entanglement (every node connected to every other) Pairs = [{N1, N2} || N1 <- Nodes, N2 <- Nodes, N1 < N2], lists:map(fun({Node1, Node2}) -> EntanglementId = generate_entanglement_id(), establish_node_entanglement(EntanglementId, Node1, Node2) end, Pairs). create_ring_entanglement(Nodes) -> %% Create ring topology entanglement IndexedNodes = lists:zip(lists:seq(1, length(Nodes)), Nodes), lists:map(fun({Index, Node}) -> NextIndex = case Index of Len when Len =:= length(Nodes) -> 1; _ -> Index + 1 end, NextNode = lists:nth(NextIndex, Nodes), EntanglementId = generate_entanglement_id(), establish_node_entanglement(EntanglementId, Node, NextNode) end, IndexedNodes). create_hypercube_entanglement(Nodes) -> %% Create hypercube topology (each node connected to log2(N) others) NodeCount = length(Nodes), Dimension = trunc(math:log2(NodeCount)), IndexedNodes = lists:zip(lists:seq(0, NodeCount - 1), Nodes), lists:flatmap(fun({Index, Node}) -> %% Connect to nodes that differ by one bit Connections = [Index bxor (1 bsl Bit) || Bit <- lists:seq(0, Dimension - 1), Index bxor (1 bsl Bit) < NodeCount], lists:map(fun(ConnectedIndex) -> ConnectedNode = lists:nth(ConnectedIndex + 1, Nodes), EntanglementId = generate_entanglement_id(), establish_node_entanglement(EntanglementId, Node, ConnectedNode) end, Connections) end, IndexedNodes). %% ============================================================================ %% Quantum Error Correction %% ============================================================================ apply_quantum_error_correction(Data, ErrorCorrectionBits) -> %% Apply quantum error correction using stabilizer codes ErrorSyndrome = calculate_error_syndrome(Data, ErrorCorrectionBits), case ErrorSyndrome of no_error -> Data; {bit_flip, Position} -> correct_bit_flip(Data, Position); {phase_flip, Position} -> correct_phase_flip(Data, Position); {both, Position} -> Data1 = correct_bit_flip(Data, Position), correct_phase_flip(Data1, Position) end. calculate_error_syndrome(Data, ErrorCorrectionBits) -> %% Calculate syndrome for error detection %% This is a simplified implementation case erlang:crc32(Data) =:= ErrorCorrectionBits of true -> no_error; false -> {bit_flip, rand:uniform(bit_size(Data))} end. %% ============================================================================ %% Utility Functions %% ============================================================================ setup_quantum_tables() -> ets:new(?QUANTUM_CHANNEL_TABLE, [named_table, public, set, {write_concurrency, true}]), ets:new(?ENTANGLEMENT_TABLE, [named_table, public, set, {write_concurrency, true}]), ets:new(?SUPERPOSITION_TABLE, [named_table, public, set, {write_concurrency, true}]). initialize_quantum_state() -> #{ basis_state => zero, amplitude => {1.0, 0.0}, % Complex number (real, imaginary) phase => 0.0, entanglement_register => [] }. initialize_quantum_gates() -> #{ hadamard => fun quantum_hadamard_gate/1, pauli_x => fun quantum_pauli_x_gate/1, pauli_y => fun quantum_pauli_y_gate/1, pauli_z => fun quantum_pauli_z_gate/1, cnot => fun quantum_cnot_gate/2, phase => fun quantum_phase_gate/2, toffoli => fun quantum_toffoli_gate/3 }. register_quantum_node(State) -> %% Register this node in the quantum network pg:join(quantum_nodes, self()), %% Announce quantum capabilities NodeCapabilities = #{ node_id => State#state.node_id, quantum_gates => maps:keys(State#state.quantum_gates), entanglement_capacity => 1000, coherence_time => State#state.coherence_time, error_correction => State#state.error_correction }, pg:join({quantum_capabilities, State#state.node_id}, NodeCapabilities). generate_cluster_id() -> list_to_binary("cluster_" ++ integer_to_list(erlang:unique_integer())). generate_entanglement_id() -> make_ref(). start_coherence_maintainer() -> Pid = spawn_link(?MODULE, coherence_maintainer, [#{}, 1000]), Pid ! {maintain_coherence}, {ok, Pid}. start_entanglement_monitor() -> Pid = spawn_link(?MODULE, entanglement_monitor, [#{}]), Pid ! {monitor_entanglements}, {ok, Pid}. schedule_coherence_check() -> erlang:send_after(1000, self(), {quantum_coherence_check}). %% Placeholder implementations for quantum operations execute_entangled_send(_, Message, _, _) -> {ok, Message}. create_quantum_superposition(States, _, _) -> {ok, States}. measure_quantum_state(StateId, State) -> {{measured, StateId}, State}. create_process_entanglement(_Pid1, _Pid2, State) -> {make_ref(), State}. execute_quantum_teleport(_, _, _, _) -> {ok, teleported}. process_quantum_measurement(_, _, State) -> State. handle_decoherence(_, _, State) -> State. apply_error_correction(_, _, State) -> State. maintain_quantum_coherence(State) -> State. process_entanglement_decay(_, State) -> State. cleanup_quantum_resources() -> ok. send_with_error_correction(Pid, Message, _) -> Pid ! Message. cleanup_quantum_channel(_) -> ok. quantum_encode_bits(Binary) -> Binary. apply_phase_rotation(Bits, _) -> Bits. generate_error_correction_bits(Data) -> erlang:crc32(Data). quantum_decode_bits(Bits) -> Bits. apply_decoherence_corrections(_) -> ok. calculate_current_coherence(_) -> 0.9. apply_coherence_restoration(_, _) -> ok. monitor_error_rates(_) -> ok. verify_bell_inequalities(_) -> ok. handle_entanglement_violation(_, _) -> ok. measure_entanglement_strength(_) -> 0.8. strengthen_entanglement(_, _) -> ok. establish_cluster_channels(Topology) -> Topology. initialize_cluster_quantum_state(_, _) -> #{}. establish_node_entanglement(Id, Node1, Node2) -> {Id, Node1, Node2}. create_star_entanglement(Nodes) -> %% Create star topology with first node as center case Nodes of [] -> []; [Center | Others] -> lists:map(fun(Node) -> EntanglementId = generate_entanglement_id(), establish_node_entanglement(EntanglementId, Center, Node) end, Others) end. correct_bit_flip(Data, _) -> Data. correct_phase_flip(Data, _) -> Data. quantum_hadamard_gate(_) -> ok. quantum_pauli_x_gate(_) -> ok. quantum_pauli_y_gate(_) -> ok. quantum_pauli_z_gate(_) -> ok. quantum_cnot_gate(_, _) -> ok. quantum_phase_gate(_, _) -> ok. quantum_toffoli_gate(_, _, _) -> ok.