Loads all typed BaseCharacteristic-derived records associated with an instance.

For each characteristic :role, ValueModule declaration on the instance's resource module — including both singular and {:array, ValueModule} forms — this calculation queries ValueModule by instance_id == record.id and returns the collected records as a flat list.

Used by BaseInstance to surface typed characteristics alongside the dynamic Diffo.Provider.Characteristic records in the serviceCharacteristic / resourceCharacteristic JSON view (#169).