Concord

A distributed, strongly-consistent embedded key-value store built in Elixir using Viewstamped Replication.

Concord is an embedded database for Elixir applications — think SQLite for distributed coordination. Starts with your application, no separate infrastructure needed. Strong consistency guarantees with ETS-backed read performance.

Key Features

• Strong Consistency — Viewstamped Replication ensures all nodes agree on data
• High Performance — ETS-backed reads with microsecond-level latency
• Embedded Design — Starts with your app, no external infrastructure
• Linearizable Reads — Eventual, leader, and strong names use the same quorum-confirmed VSR barrier
• TTL Support — Automatic key expiration with time-to-live
• Bulk Operations — Efficient batch processing (up to 500 items)
• Value Compression — Automatic compression for large values
• Conditional Updates — Compare-and-swap for optimistic concurrency
• Secondary Indexes — Query by indexed fields
• Backup/Restore — Compressed backups with integrity verification
• Telemetry — Built-in telemetry events for observability hooks

Installation

def deps do
  [{:concord, "~> 3.0.0-beta"}]
end

Quick Start

# Store and retrieve data
Concord.put("user:1001", %{name: "Alice", role: "admin"})
{:ok, user} = Concord.get("user:1001")

# TTL (auto-expires after 1 hour)
Concord.put("session:abc", session_data, ttl: 3600)
{:ok, {data, remaining_ttl}} = Concord.get_with_ttl("session:abc")

# Bulk operations
Concord.put_many([{"k1", "v1"}, {"k2", "v2", 600}])
{:ok, results} = Concord.get_many(["k1", "k2"])

# Conditional update (compare-and-swap)
Concord.put_if("counter", 1, expected: 0)

# All accepted consistency names currently use a linearizable VSR query barrier
Concord.get("key", consistency: :eventual)
Concord.get("key", consistency: :leader)
Concord.get("key", consistency: :strong)

Storage APIs

Concord's default API uses the VSR-backed cluster:

Concord.put("cluster:key", "value")
Concord.Cluster.put("cluster:key", "value")

For data that must stay on only the current node, call the local API:

Concord.Local.put("local:key", "value")
Concord.Local.KV.put("local:record", %{value: 1})

The local API uses the same Concord command/query semantics with separate node-local ETS tables. It does not submit writes to VSR and does not replicate data to cluster peers.

For durable node-local storage backed by Turso/libSQL, enable the Turso engine and call Concord.Turso:

Concord.Turso.put("turso:key", %{value: 1})
Concord.Turso.get("turso:key")
Concord.Turso.txn(%{
  compare: [{:exists, "turso:key", :==, true}],
  success: [{:put, "turso:key", %{value: 2}, %{}}],
  failure: []
})

Concord.Turso uses ex_turso and persists data to a local database file. It does not submit writes to VSR and does not provide Concord cluster membership, leases, watches, or secondary indexes. If remote_url and auth_token are configured, Concord.Turso.sync/1 triggers Turso Cloud sync.

Applications that only need the durable Turso KV engine can disable the Concord VSR cluster runtime while still starting the Turso pool:

config :concord,
  cluster_enabled: false,
  turso: [
    enabled: true,
    database: "./data/turso.db",
    pool_size: 1
  ]

For applications that need a regular Ecto SQL repository backed by Turso/libSQL, use the optional Ecto adapter shipped by ex_turso:

def deps do
  [
    {:concord, "~> 3.0.0-beta"},
    {:ex_turso, "~> 3.0.0-beta"},
    {:ecto_sql, "~> 3.14"}
  ]
end

defmodule MyApp.Repo do
  use Ecto.Repo,
    otp_app: :my_app,
    adapter: Ecto.Adapters.Turso
end

config :my_app, MyApp.Repo,
  database: "my_app.db",
  pool_size: 5

Ecto.Adapters.Turso is the supported equivalent when you need schema/query semantics, migrations, constraints, indexes, transactions, and map/JSON fields. Swap the adapter and connection options in the host application when using PostgreSQL instead.

Multi-Node Cluster

Every replica must use the same ordered membership list. Bootstrap is enabled only for the first start of a new cluster; restart durable replicas with CONCORD_VSR_BOOTSTRAP=false.

export CONCORD_VSR_MEMBERS=n1@127.0.0.1,n2@127.0.0.1,n3@127.0.0.1
export CONCORD_VSR_BOOTSTRAP=true

CONCORD_VSR_REPLICA_ID=n1@127.0.0.1 iex --name n1@127.0.0.1 --cookie concord -S mix
CONCORD_VSR_REPLICA_ID=n2@127.0.0.1 iex --name n2@127.0.0.1 --cookie concord -S mix
CONCORD_VSR_REPLICA_ID=n3@127.0.0.1 iex --name n3@127.0.0.1 --cookie concord -S mix

Performance

Performance varies significantly depending on hardware, cluster size, and network topology. All accepted consistency names use the same VSR read path. Run mix run benchmarks/run_benchmarks.exs on your own hardware to get representative numbers.

When to Use Concord

Comparison

Documentation

• Getting Started — Installation, quick start, common use cases
• Elixir API Guide — Read consistency aliases, CAS, queries, compression
• Backup & Restore — Data safety and disaster recovery
• Configuration — All configuration options
• Architecture — Design blueprint

Contributing

1. Fork the repository
2. Create a feature branch
3. Add tests for new functionality
4. Ensure all tests pass (mix test)
5. Submit a pull request

License

MIT License — See LICENSE for details.

Acknowledgments

• The Viewstamped Replication and Viewstamped Replication Revisited papers