@spec replayed?(term()) :: boolean() | nil

Reports whether a protected-action result was a stored replay or a fresh execution.

Returns:

• true — the result was a tracked replay: a stored response was returned without re-executing the effect (map to HTTP 200 with an Idempotent-Replayed header, or suppress a duplicate side effect).
• false — the result was a tracked fresh execution: the effect ran and its response was stored (map to HTTP 201).
• nil — the carrier is absent. This covers three cases the caller cannot distinguish by this signal alone: an untracked execution (which intentionally carries no ash_onetime metadata, per ADR 0001's untracked-transparency goal), a primitive-return action whose result is not a record (e.g. a generic action returning an integer), or a result that was never protected by ash_onetime.

For record-returning actions (create/update, generic actions returning a struct, destroy with return_destroyed?), the signal is true/false. For primitive returns and untracked executions it is nil — use a record-returning action, or observe replay inside the action via an after_action hook reading the admission state, if you need replay observability on a primitive return. See documentation/replay.md.