Quadratic Equation B5

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Source: algebrica.org - CC BY-NC 4.0 https://algebrica.org/exercises/quadratic-equation-b-5/ Fetched from algebrica.org test 4593; source modified 2025-03-06T18:05:22.

Solve the quadratic equations using the factorization method.

x^2 + 8x + 15 = 0

The equations is in the standard form $ax^2+bx+c=0$. First, it is essential to verify the its discriminant $\Delta = b^2 - 4ac$ is $\geq0$ to ensure the equation admits solutions in the field of real numbers. Substituting the coefficients of the equation into $\Delta$, we get:

\Delta = (8)^2 - 4(1)(15) = 64 - 60 = 4 \gt 0

$\Delta \gt 0$ means the equation has real solutions.


Now, we need to factorize the polynomial. We must find two numbers, $r_1, r_2$ whose sum $S = r_1 + r_2$ equals $b = 8$ and whose product $P = r_1 \cdot r_2$ equals $a \cdot c = 1 \cdot 15 = 15$. We can use this simple table to find the numbers that satisfy our constraints.

\begin{array}{rrrr} & r_1 & r_2 & P & S \\\\ \hline & 3 & 5 & 15 & 8 \\\\ & -3 & -5 & 15 & -8\\\\ \end{array}

The numbers $r_1, r_2$ satisfying the constraint are 3 and 5. Then we need to rewrite the polynomial as $ax^2 + r_{1}x + r_{2}x + c$.


The equation becomes:

x^2 + 3x + 5x + 15 = 0

Factoring common terms, we get:

\begin{align*} & x(x+3)+5(x+3) = 0 \\[0.6em] & (x+3)(x+5) = 0 \end{align*}

The solutions are the values of $x$ for which $x+3= 0$ and $x+5 = 0$.

x+3= 0 \to x = -3
x+5= 0 \to x = -5

The solution to the equation is:

x_1=-3, \\ x_2=-5

Remember that the discriminant is crucial in determining the nature and number of solutions of quadratic equations.

  • If $b^2 - 4ac > 0$, the quadratic equation has two distinct real solutions.
S = \{x_1, x_2\} \quad x_1, x_2 \in \mathbb{R} \quad x_1 \neq x_2
  • If $b^2 - 4ac = 0$, the quadratic equation has two coincident real solutions.
S = \{x\} \quad x \in \mathbb{R} \quad x = x_1 = x_2
  • If $b^2 - 4ac = < 0$, the quadratic equation has no real solutions. Instead, it gives rise to complex solutions characterized by imaginary components.
\nexists \hspace{10px} x \in \mathbb{R}